Dr Leo Anthony Celi - A.I. Alea Iacta (The Die is Cast)

AI systems are dangerously overconfident and lack mechanisms to express uncertainty, which can lead to disastrous consequences in a domain like healthcare. We propose embedding two key "epistemic virtues" into human-AI healthcare systems: curiosity (the drive to explore and reduce uncertainty) and humility (acknowledging limitations and deferring appropriately to human expertise).

We advocate for a "dual-reflective architecture" where these virtues work together—curiosity drives beneficial exploration while humility tempers action under uncertainty. Rather than pursuing perfect AI automation, we emphasize building collaborative human-AI systems that enhance clinical decision-making through calibrated confidence, transparency tools, and mutual accountability.

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