“Mere Arrangement” Code – General-Purpose Guide to Defeating Section 3(f) of the Indian Patents Act

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Section 3(f): “a mere arrangement or re-arrangement of known devices each functioning independently of one another in a known way.”

“Mere Arrangement” Code – A General-Purpose Guide to Defeating Section 3(f) of the Indian Patents Act
Section 3(f) is not a gate that keeps you out; it is a mirror that forces you to prove your invention is more than the sum of its mirrors. If you can measure the synergy, draw the interaction, and show that the prior art either missed or discouraged the combination the pending application proceeds to the grant stage.

0:18 – 0:22
“…one of the favourite objections in the mechanical domain is **mere arrangement of known elements**.”

0:40 – 0:44
“**Section 3(f)**—mere arrangement or re-arrangement of known devices.”

1:14 – 1:18
“**Defining it as an invention (not an idea) has a lot of steps**—idea crochet is not patentable.”

2:57 – 3:05
“**Fitness-sector example**: cycle + wheel + pulley + belt—examiner says ‘known parts, just rearranged’.”

3:46 – 3:50
“**Technical effect must be quantified**—loads of embodiments, tables, ratios.”

4:13 – 4:17
“**Non-obviousness of the interaction**—how four wheels at a specific angle create a new function.”

4:50 – 4:55
“**Routine design choice** language kills claims—prove it isn’t.”

6:17 – 6:22
“**Dismantling risk**: foreign device copied locally—first legal weapon is a caution notice.”

7:24 – 7:30
“**Patent write-up ≠ technical paper**—blueprint must be replication-ready on paper.”

8:24 – 8:30
“**Quantify in tables**: performance data for every disclosed component—more data, stronger 3(f) rebuttal.”

9:38 – 9:44
“**Known elements positioned at a calculated angle + ratio = patentable synergy**—that’s your 3(f) knockout.”

Section 14 enshrines the applicant’s right to know the objections and to be heard before any adverse order is passed; failure to comply renders the subsequent order vulnerable on appeal.
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