Pharmaceutical chemistry chapter 13 || anti-Neoplastic agents

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in this lecture we have discussed about :
anti-neoplastic agents
The drugs are used to treat cancer are called anti-neoplastic agents . Cancer is a disease characterised by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division attacking the surrounding tissues and organs, and also the other body parts by circulating with blood and lymph.
Examples
1) Cyclophosphamide * 2) Busulfan
3) Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 4) Fluorouracil (5-FU)*
5) Methotrexate 6) Dactinomycin
7) Doxorubicin 8) Vincristine Sulphate
9) Cisplatin *
classification
1) Alkylating agents
(These agents act directly on DNA, and causing DNA strand breaks, leading to abnormal base pairing and inhibiting cell division, eventually resulting in cell death. )
• Nitrogen mustards: Mechlorethamine (Mustine HCI), Ifosfamide,
Cyclophosphamide*, Chlorambucil, and Melphalan
• Ethylenimine: Thio-TEPA
• Alkyl sulfonate: Busulfan
• Nitrosoureas: Carmustine (BCNU) and Lomustine (CCNU)
• Triazine : Dacarbazine (DTIC)
2. Antimetabolites
( they prevent DNA replication, it is a process in which DNA makes its copies )
• Folate antagonist: Methotrexate (Mtx)
• Purine antagonist: 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), 6-Thioguanine (6 -TG), and Azathioprine
• Pyrimidine antagonist: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)* and Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside)
3. Natural Products
• Vinca alkaloids: Vincristine (Oncovin) and Vinblastine
• Taxanes : Paclitaxel and Docetaxel
• Epipodophyllo toxin: Etoposide
• Camptothecin analogues: Topotecan and Irinotecan
4. Antibiotics:
Actinomycin D, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Rubidomycin, Mitoxantrone, Bleomycin, Mitomycin C, and Mithramycin
5. Radioactive Isotopes:
Sodium phosphate, Sodium iodide, and Radio gold solution
Uses
these are used to treat ,
1) Breast Cancer
2) Ovarian cancer
3) cervical cancer
4) blood cancer
5) Neck carcinomas ( cancer of epithelia tissues )
6) certain lymphomas
7) Bladder cancer
8) Mechlorethamine is used in Bone Marrow Cancer Like Polycythemia , Leukemia Thrombocythemia .
9) Cyclophosphamide is mostly used for treating different cancers .
10 ) Ifosfamide is used to treat , Neck carcinomas , certain lymphomas and Bladder cancer .
11 ) Vinblastine sulphate is used to treat neuroblastoma( cancer of adrenal gland ) , testicular cancer , kapsosi's sarcoma ( cancer of soft tissues with lesions )
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