The Armenia and Azerbaijan war, explained

And where it leaves war-torn Nagorno-Karabakh.

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Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous area in the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia. For more than 30 years, it's been locked in a conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The fight between the two countries began in the early 20th century but became a frozen conflict for 60 years while the whole region was under the control of the Soviet Union.

When the Soviet Union fell, newfound independence sparked a brutal six-year war in the region, where Armenia emerged victorious. From 1994 to 2020, Armenia controlled Nagorno-Karabakh, while Azerbaijan rebuilt its military. Fighting erupted again in summer 2020, and Azerbaijan went on the offensive — eventually capturing most of Nagorno-Karabakh and dramatically reshaping the region.

Sources and further reading:

Thomas de Waal: https://www.amazon.com/Black-Garden-A...

Alex Ward, Vox: https://www.vox.com/2020/11/10/215584...

Charlotte Mathilde Louise Hille: https://www.google.com/books/edition/...

Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/reports/AZER%20Co...

Economist:
https://www.economist.com/europe/2020...

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