The Earliest Sieges in History (and How they Worked)

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When did the first sieges take place, what did they look like, and what siege equipment was used? In this video, we address these questions and search for verifiable traces of the earliest sieges in history.

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#history #documentary #education

Intro: 00:00-01:11
Learn languages with Babbel: 01:11-02:51
The First Sieges in History 02:51-05:06
Chapter 1: The Earliest Sieges 05:06-08:32
Chapter 2: Piecing Together Bronze Age Sieges 08:32-13:47
Chapter 3: Bronze Age Siege Engines 13:47-18:32
Epilogue 18:32-19:40

Bibliography
Armstrong, Jeremy/Trundle, Matthew, Sieges in the Mediterranean World, in: idem (eds.), Brill's Companion to Sieges in the Ancient Mediterranean, Boston/Leiden 2019.
Burke, Aaron, Walled Up to Heaven: The Evolution of Middle Bronze Age Fortification Strategies in the Levant, Boston/Leiden 2008.
Edwards, I. E. S./Gadd, C. J./Hammond, N. G. L. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History vol. 1 p. 2 (Early History of the Middle East), Cambridge 2008.
Genz, Hermann, Attacking and Defending Fortified Sites in the Early Bronze Age Levant: The Role of Archery, in: Blum, Stephan et Al. (eds.), From Past to Present. Studies in Memory of Manfred O. Korfmann, Bonn 2020, pp. 25-32.
Heagren, Brett H., The 'Development' of Egyptian Assault Warfare (Late Predynastic Period to Dynasty XX), in: Armstrong, Jeremy/Trundle, Matthew, (eds.), Brill's Companion to Sieges in the Ancient Mediterranean, Boston/Leiden 2019, p. 69-110.
Köpp-Jünk, Heidi, Wagons and Carts and their Significance in Ancient Egypt, in: Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 9 (1016), pp. 14-58.
Mourad-Cizek, Anna-Latifa, Siege Scenes of the Old Kingdom, in: Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 22 (2011), pp. 135-158.
Schrott, Raoul, Gilgamesh, Munich 2001.
Schulman, Robert A., The Battle Scenes of the Middle Kingdom, in: JSSEA 12 (1982), pp. 163-185.
Stager, Lawrence E., The Massive Middle Bronze Fortifications-How did they Work?, in British Archaelogical Records 17:30 (1991).
Wilson, Peter, Summary: Under Siege? Defining Siege Warfare in World History, in: Fischer-Kattner, Anke/Ostwald, Jamel (eds.), The World of the Siege. Representations of Early Modern Positional Warfare, Leiden/Boston 2019, pp. 288-306.
Winlock, Herbert E., The Slain Soldiers of Neb-hepet-Re' Mentu-hotpe, New York 1945.