Gross Anatomy of Fourth Ventricle | Cadaveric Neuroanatomy for USMLE Step 1

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Gross Anatomy of Fourth Ventricle | Cadaveric Neuroanatomy for USMLE Step 1

In this cadaveric neuroanatomy lecture, we explore the gross anatomy of the fourth ventricle, an essential component of the ventricular system and a high-yield topic for USMLE Step 1. The fourth ventricle lies between the brainstem and cerebellum, forming a crucial passageway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation.

We review its location, shape, and boundaries, highlighting the floor (rhomboid fossa) formed by the pons and medulla, and the roof formed by the cerebellum and superior/inferior medullary vela. The lecture explains the openings of the fourth ventricle—the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)—which allow CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space.

Clinical relevance is emphasized, including obstructive hydrocephalus due to blockage of foramina, Chiari malformations, Dandy–Walker malformation, and tumors in the posterior fossa that can distort or compress the ventricle. By integrating cadaveric dissection images with clinical correlations, this session provides students and residents with a strong anatomical foundation required for USMLE Step 1 exam preparation and for neurology and neurosurgery clerkships in Western healthcare systems.


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