Birds As Pest || Different Types Of Pestiferous Birds ||

Birds As Pest || Different Types Of Pestiferous Birds || #seniorsscience

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Pestiferous Birds
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Pestiferous Birds in India



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The Pre Vedic literature has mentioned the existence of the crop pests like insects, rats, birds and monkey etc. 'Kamandak' has mentioned the appearance of rats, locust, parrots as a problem for crops. In literature, there have been descriptions of so many famine due to these pests.

BIRD PESTS

During last few decades, the diversification of agriculture and bringing in more and more fresh area for cultivation has resulted in change in habit and habitat of many birds. Now many birds infect damage to crops, oil seeds, vegetables and fruits. These are called pestiferous birds or bird pests.

The annual loss due to pestiferous birds is estimated to be more than 40,000 crores of rupees. The main pestiferous birds are House sparrow (Passer domesticus), House crow (Corvus splendens), Common myna (Acridotheres tristis), Pigeon (Columbo livia), Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus), Rose ringed parakeet (Prittacula krameri) and Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer).

BIRD PEST SPECIES OF INDIA (FIG. 1)

(i) Passer domesticus (House sparrow). It is cosmopolitan in distribution. It is a small bird measuring 9 to 15 cm in length. The female bird is greyish white and the male bird is light brown with black throat. So sexual dimorphism is present. Their feet are adapted for perching with first the of halux posterior and three toe anterior.

It lives as a commensal of man. It breeds throughout the year and its clutch size is of 3-5 eggs. It is omnivorous but mainly grainivorous and cause heavy damage to the food grains.

(ii) Corvus splendens (House crow). It is commonly found in all the states of India. It is commonly called kowwa, kaga in Hindi. The adult bird is 30-45 cm in length. The body is covered with more or less black feathers on dorsal side and neck and breast are grey coloured. Its feet are adapted for pearching.

These are omnivorous birds and feed on grains, fruits, eggs, insects and kitchen refuse. The crow causes damage to grains and fruits but gives benefit to human beings by acting as scavengers.

(iii) Acridotheres tristis (Common myna). It is commonly found in North Indian states. It is 20-35 cm in length. On dorsal side it is dark brown in colour and on ventral side pale in colour. Its head and throat are glossy black. Sexual dimorphism is absent.

It causes damage to seeds and fruits. It also feeds on insects.

(iv) Columba livia (Pigeon). It is distributed throughout India. It has spindle shaped body about 30-35 cm in length. It is grey in colour with metallic green on upper breast and neck. Its wings have two black bars. It is harmless, timid and gregarious bird. These are omnivorous in diet but mainly feed on grains, pulses, fruits and seeds of fruits.

(v) Ploceus philippinus (Weaver bird or Baya). It is very commonly distributed in North Indian states near ponds, rivers etc. It is a small bird of about 10-12 cm in length. Its colour is greyish white with yellowish neck. Its tail and dorsal side are black and white in colour. It is diurnal and forms a very beautiful nest. It is herbivorous and causes damage to cereal crops.

(vi) Psittacula kramfri (Rose ringed parakeet). It is distributed in the whole of Oriental. realm. It is 30-45 cm in length. It has green coloured plumage with rose coloured collar around its short neck. It has a very short, sharp edged and stout beak.