Hepatocellular Carcinoma | HCC | From CMDT 2025 & Harrison 21st Edition | All you need to know!

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC):
Everything You Need to Know!

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, which arises from the parenchymal liver cells, i.e., hepatocytes. It often develops in the context of cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, especially in patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, excessive alcohol use, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD or NASH).

Symptoms and Early Detection:
The early stages of HCC may be asymptomatic, but as it progresses, patients may experience symptoms such as jaundice, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain, and swelling. Regular screening with ultrasound and blood test, i.e., serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP), is recommended for high-risk groups to diagnose the disease early.

Risk Factors, Etiology and Prevention:
Major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B or C infections, cirrhosis, excessive alcohol use, and metabolic conditions. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus, lifestyle modifications, and prompt treatment of hepatitis B & C can significantly lower the risk of developing HCC and improve the outcome of the patients.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (CT scan or MRI scan). Liver biopsy may be needed in some cases. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and include surgical resection of tumor, liver transplantation, local ablation therapies, and systemic therapies like molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy

Prognosis:
The prognosis for HCC depends on the stage at diagnosis and liver function. Early detection greatly improves treatment outcomes. Patients should seek support from oncologists, liver disease experts, and patient support groups for supportive care.

DISCLAIMER:
All the videos and material shared on this channel is designed purely for educational purposes. As everyone's situation can vary, it's recommended to obtain tailored guidance from your treating physician and healthcare professional.

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Time Stamps:

00:00 HCC
00:25 Introduction
00:39 Other Uncommon Tumors of Liver & Biliary Tree
01:00 Definition of HCC
01:14 Definition of Cholangiocarcinoma
01:24 Gender in HCC
01:35 Risk Factors & Etiology
02:00 Family History of HCC
02:22 Factors which appear protective in HCC
02:40 Signs & Symptoms
03:14 Physical Findings
03:28 Laboratory Findings
04:31 Diagnostic Investigations
05:16 Harrison Table-1
06:50 Stringent Criteria
07:23 Indications of Liver Biopsy in HCC
07:40 Complications of Liver Biopsy
07:49 Special Stains for Liver Biopsy to diagnose HCC
08:15 Staging System of HCC
08:30 Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System
09:06 Treatment
09:21 Parameters for Treatment Strategy
09:35 BCLC Stages for HCC & Therapeutic Strategy
09:43 BCLC Stages
11:08 Harrison Table-2
12:08 Other Staging Systems
12:24 MDT Approach
12:41 Surgical Therapies
13:36 Contraindications & Complications
14:00 Liver Transplant
15:08 Radio-frequency Ablation
16:10 Chemoembolization
17:32 Complications of TACE
17:51 Other treatment options
18:18 Systemic Therapies
19:37 Molecular Targeted Therapies
20:17 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
20:38 VEGFR Antibodies
21:09 Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor
21:49 Screening & Prevention
22:52 Prognosis
23:12 Thank you