Colonoscopy Explained: What Really Happens

In this video Dr O'Donovan explains key things you need to know about a colonoscopy.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera (a colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the large intestine (colon) to examine its lining. It's a common procedure used to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions affecting the colon, such as bowel cancer or polyps.

Purpose of a colonoscopy:
Colonoscopies help identify the cause of various bowel symptoms like bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain. They are also a vital tool for detecting and preventing colorectal cancer, as polyps can be removed during the procedure. Colonoscopies can also monitor existing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or previous polyp removals.

What does a colonoscopy procedure involve?
1. Preparation: Bowel preparation (strong laxatives) is necessary to empty the colon for clear visualization.
2. Sedation: Sedation is often offered to help with relaxation and pain management during the procedure.
3. Insertion: The colonoscope is gently inserted through the anus and guided through the colon.
4. Examination and Biopsies: The doctor examines the colon lining for any abnormalities and can take biopsies (tissue samples) or remove polyps if needed.

How long does a colonoscopy last? The procedure typically takes 30 to 45 minutes, with the entire appointment lasting around 2 hours.

Content and timestamps:

00:00 - Introduction
00:35 - What is a colonoscopy?
01:00 - Why is a colonoscopy done?
02:30 - Colonoscopy preparation
04:21 - What happens on the day of a colonoscopy?
07:26 - Results of a colonoscopy

Website resources

NHS UK information - https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatmen...

Mayo Clinic USA - https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-proc...


Video made: July 2025
Next review: July 2028 `

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