Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) Explained | Risk Factors, Diagnosis & Treatment | CanadaQBank

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in the deep veins, usually of the legs—potentially life-threatening if it leads to pulmonary embolism (PE). But how do you recognize, diagnose, and manage it effectively?

In this high-yield medicine video, we explain the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of DVT—perfect for USMLE, MCCQE, PLAB, and NCLEX exam preparation.


What You’ll Learn in This Video:

Definition:

Formation of a thrombus in deep veins, commonly in the lower limbs (femoral, popliteal, or iliac veins).

Pathophysiology:

Virchow’s triad: Venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.

Risk Factors:

Prolonged immobility, recent surgery, trauma, pregnancy, malignancy, oral contraceptives, obesity, thrombophilia (e.g., Factor V Leiden).

Clinical Features:

Unilateral leg swelling, pain, redness, and warmth.
Homan’s sign (calf pain on dorsiflexion) may be present but is not reliable.
Diagnosis:

D-dimer: Screening test (high sensitivity, low specificity).
Compression ultrasonography: Diagnostic test of choice.
Venography: Gold standard (rarely needed).
Management:

Anticoagulation: Heparin → transition to DOACs or warfarin.
Compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome.
IVC filter if anticoagulation contraindicated.
Complications:

Pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome, recurrent DVT.

High-Yield Pearl:
“Unilateral leg swelling + risk factors = Think DVT until proven otherwise.”


Perfect For:

Medical students, residents, and healthcare professionals preparing for USMLE, MCCQE, PLAB, or NCLEX exams.


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