SE2|乘著未知的想像往前航翔:專訪天文物理學家潘彥丞
Автор: 跨維度播音
Загружено: 6 дек. 2023 г.
Просмотров: 62 просмотра
本集特別節目(special episode)由臺灣當代文化實驗場 C-LAB CREATORS計畫「導體大系:跨物態感知技術日誌」支持播出。計畫以「導體」概念為核心,從新物質主義出發,重新思考物質、能量、環境、生態與社會之間複雜的關係。
在過去的節目裡,我們多是以神秘主義、身心靈、占星等的角度來探討能量以及星體運行對於人的可能影響,也曾經用佛法的觀點探討人類心智的作用、意識的機轉,以及宇宙的型態,但我們一直還沒有從現代物理學及天文物理學的觀點進行討論與對話。新一集的「跨維度播音」,我們邀請到中央大學天文研究所的潘彥丞老師,與我們從天文物理學的角度,談談天體對人的影響、能量、光速與因果等主題:
(一)星體影響:談星體/星座對人類社會或心理的影響,可能主要還是在象徵層次上的表現,像是各個文化的神話原型、符號表意系統等,如何對人的情緒、意識產生影響。然而,如果從天文物理的角度來看,星體對於人們實質的力的作用可能會是哪些?程度有多大?或是多小因而能忽略不計?這一集裡,首先請彥丞老師以月球為例子,計算月球對地球人的潮汐力變化,展開關於星體影響的討論。
(二)暗/能量:古典物理學常將「能量」視為「某一個物理系統對其他的物理系統做『功』的能力」,但是「功」的定義,卻又是「一種物理系統到另一種物理系統的『能量』轉變」。在此情形下,「能量」與「功」彼此成了互相的定義,建構出一個套套邏輯式的知識循環體系。因此,究竟什麼是能量?我們不知道;我們只是用它來解釋與想像得以觀察到的變化,如位置、速度、溫度,以及其他得以被測量、被尺度化的轉變。另一個例子是用來計算「可以利用的能量」的「熵」,不能利用的能量則是「熱」。換句話說,對於能量,古典物理學多以一種效益主義的觀點出發,而這會不會狹隘了我們對能量的想像?或許,我們可以從常用以宇宙擴張的「暗能量」的這個概念,重新思索能量的本質?
(三)光速(因果):談到宇宙擴張,我們或許可以來談談光速與因果。有一種說法是光速其實並不只是「光」的速度。如果究其本質,它其實代表的是物理世界裡「因果關係」的速度。這樣的說法是正確的嗎?在宇宙裡,至少有兩個超越光速的現象,一個是黑洞的事件視界裡,另一個是宇宙擴張時的宇宙視界。但是,超越光速的意義究竟是什麼呢?依照相對論,很可能對於觀察者而言超越光速的那個人,自己其實仍然很正常地生活在自己所屬的時間裡,什麼都沒變化。我們該怎麼看待超越光速這件事情呢?
章節:
00:00|開場
01:20|從科幻到原理解析:一位天文物理學者的誕生
02:46|星座對天文物理學家的意義
04:59|宇宙中所有的星體對你都有作用力(只是程度的多寡)
05:59|重力與潮汐力
08:12|計算月球對人的潮汐力 *
13:13|星球的磁力
14:40|暗能量:解釋宇宙的加速膨脹
18:15|真空裡的量子漲落
20:34|暗物質:解釋星系旋臂的速度
25:31|秒速70公里:宇宙的膨脹速度
29:15|光速的定值與最大速
31:12|宇宙裡超越光速的現象?
33:04|block universe VS. multiverse
– – – – – –
我們同樣也可以計算新月與滿月時,太陽及月亮對於人 (60 kg) 的重力差異。重力的公式是 F=GMm/r^2:
太陽重力:6.7*10^(-11)*2*(10^30)*60/(15000*10^7)^2
= 0.3573 (kg.m/s2)
月亮重力(新月 ☉☽︎←⊕웃):6.7*10^(-11)*7*(10^22)*60/(38.6*10^7)^2
= 0.0018
月亮重力(滿月 ☉⊕웃→☽︎):6.7*10^(-11)*7*(10^22)*60/(37.4*10^7)^2
= 0.0020
新月時太陽與月亮重力(☉☽︎←←⊕웃|相加)= 0.3573+0.0018
= 0.3591
滿月時太陽與月亮重力(☉←⊕웃→☽︎|相減)= 0.3573-0.0020
= 0.3553
兩者相差:0.0038 (kg.m/s2) = 380 (g.cm/s2)
也就是說,太陽與月球對一位質量60公斤的地球人,在新月及滿月時所造成的重力差異,大約是 380 (g.cm/s2)。
– – – – – –
This special episode is sponsored by the Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab (C-LAB) CREATORS project, titled "Conductor's System: Exploring Transentient Becomings through More-than-Human Technical Studies." Rooted in the framework of new materialism, the project undertakes a reevaluation of the intricate interconnections among matter, energy, environment, ecology, and society. This episode discusses subjects including stellar forces, dark energy, and speed of light/causality:
Subject #1: Stellar Influence. While it may appear conclusive that in discussions about the impact of stars and constellations on human psychology, the symbolic representation system (like mythical archetypes and stories) takes center stage, there's also potential to measure the concrete effects of stars on individuals. In this episode, we'll compute the fluctuations in tidal forces experienced by an actual person on Earth due to the moon. Can these forces influence one's psychological status? The calculation provides a tangible visualization of the force in action.
Subject #2: Dark Energy. Classical physics often sees "energy" as the capacity for performing “work” that is transferred between physical systems or bodies. On the other side, "work" is specifically the “energy” exchanged with or by an object along a given displacement. Does that create a tautology? Now, in astrophysics, a new concept has emerged: "dark energy," introduced to account for the expansion of the universe. Could this novel concept broaden our perspectives on energy?
Subject #3: Speed of Causality. When it comes to the expansion of the universe, it's worth delving into the concept of the speed of light. There's a notion that the speed of light effectively represents the velocity of "causality" in the physical realm. In the cosmos, at least two phenomena surpass the speed of light: the event horizon of a black hole and the cosmic horizon during universal expansion. But what does it truly signify to travel faster than the speed of light? According to the theory of relativity, it's highly probable that an individual moving faster than light's speed, from an observer's perspective, is still experiencing time at a regular pace within their own frame of reference, with no perceptible change. How should we perceive the idea of surpassing the speed of light?
Guest of the episode: Yen-Chen Pan, Assistant Professor at the Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taiwan. His research focuses on supernova explosions, studying the progenitor systems and cosmological utilities of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by using various methods, such as spectroscopic and host-galaxy observations. He is also interested in other types of SN explosions, such as a mysterious and powerful class called superluminous supernovae (SLSNe).
企劃/主持:朱峯誼|視覺設計:陳米靖、姚睿蘭|音樂: Lo-Fi 02 by Lily J(mixkit.co)|合作單位:話鼓電台(立方計劃空間)。
《重返神性》展覽畫冊訂購:https://forms.gle/zVy7tuWj5FQtzDsx7
若對節目企劃與內容有任何問題或是合作提案,歡迎來信:[email protected]

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