Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease And Its Symptoms

Video transcript :-
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a chronic and relapsing disorder characterized by the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus, giving rise to various clinical features and complications.
The pathophysiology typically involves transient or persistent dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, impaired esophageal clearance, delayed gastric emptying, or increased intra-abdominal pressure.
Prolonged exposure of esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and bile salts can lead to mucosal injury such as erosive esophagitis, and in chronic cases, may result in complications like esophageal strictures, ulceration, or Barrett's esophagus, a premalignant condition associated with intestinal metaplasia.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease can significantly impair quality of life, affecting sleep, nutrition, and overall well-being.
It may also contribute to or exacerbate extraesophageal manifestations including respiratory and laryngeal symptoms.
Some common signs and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease include the following.
Heartburn.
This is the commonest symptom associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The pain is usually retrosternal, often starting after meals, and exacerbated by lying supine.
Regurgitation.
The perception of gastric contents refluxing into the oropharynx or mouth, with or without nausea.
Non-cardiac Chest Pain.
Substernal discomfort unrelated to exertion, typically relieved by antacids.
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing.
Sensation of impaired passage of food through the esophagus, possibly due to inflammation or stricture.
Chronic Cough.
Refractory or nocturnal cough potentially due to micro aspiration or vagal reflex mechanisms.
Laryngopharyngeal Symptoms
Hoarseness, sore throat, throat clearing, or globus sensation, often attributed to laryngeal irritation from refluxate.
Wheezing or Asthma Exacerbation
This is particularly common in individuals with comorbid asthma, due to bronchospasm triggered by reflux.
Excessive Salivation.
An finally, nausea and Early Satiety
May occur in association with delayed gastric emptying or gastric dysmotility.

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