Uthman, Ali & The First Civil War | 644CE - 661CE | The Birth of Islam Episode 05

At the time of Umar’s assassination in 644 CE, his empire stretched from Tunisia to parts of Modern-Day Pakistan. The people he ruled were of different ethnicity, languages and religion. The empire needed a strong leader if it was keep them in check.

In this video, I discuss the rule of Uthman, the third Khalifa, and how his rule changed the structure of the empire and the leading Civil War or First Fitna that ensued from Uthman's assassination.

Additional Facts:

1)The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that were used to trade goods and ideas between Europe and Asia.

2) Other areas such as Persia and Iraq also revolted but since it was started by Egypt, I only mentioned them.

3) The rebels from Egypt, Iraq and Persia controlled Madinah, the capital. Hence, they were the kingmakers who elected Ali.

4) Since Pre-Islamic times, Banu Ummayah and Banu Hashim (Muhammad’s Clan) had been rivals over things like trade.

5) The dry bed of the Nahrawan Canal near Samarra, photographed by Gertrude Bell in 1909.

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Disclaimer: The maps and flags in the video are not 100% accurate. Some maps and flags are difficult to find and so, are estimations.

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Music by epidemicsound.com

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