Unit 1 Science class 10 Nepali medium Nepal

Scientific variables are quantities or characteristics that can change or vary in scientific experiments and studies. They are crucial in the scientific method for conducting experiments and analyzing data. There are several types of scientific variables:

1. Independent VariableThe variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on other variables. It is the cause or input variable in an experiment.

2. **Dependent Variable The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is affected by changes in the independent variable and represents the outcome or effect.

3. **Control Variables**: Variables that are kept constant or controlled throughout an experiment to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable alone.

4. **Extraneous Variables**: Uncontrolled variables that might affect the outcome of the experiment, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions if not accounted for.

5. **Confounding Variables**: Variables that are linked with both the independent and dependent variables, potentially distorting the results by introducing bias or confounding effects.

Understanding and properly managing these variables is essential for designing robust experiments, analyzing data accurately, and drawing valid scientific conclusions.