How Moscow Created a World-Class Urban Railway with Homegrown Technology

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Moscow is a city of over 13 million people and home to one of the busiest metro systems in the world. Despite its impressive scale and extensive coverage, the city struggled for decades with severe congestion—both on the metro and on the roads. At the same time, suburban railway lines were carrying millions of commuters daily, yet their role within the overall public transport network remained fairly limited.
The opening of the Moscow Central Circle in 2016 marked a major step toward improving urban connectivity. Spanning 54 km with 31 stations, the line offers trains running at speeds of up to 110 km/h and is powered by a 3 kV DC overhead electrification system. More importantly, the MCC created a circular route around the city, making transfers between suburban rail lines and the metro far more efficient.
Building on this idea, the MCD were later developed to connect suburban lines in a more direct, through-running fashion. This transformed them into a system much closer to the RER in Paris or the S-Bahn networks in Berlin, Munich, and Vienna.

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