Bones of the Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals & Phalanges) | Anatomy

Content:
00:00 Introduction & Content
00:29 Tarsal Bones
00:39 Talus
03:59 Calcaneus
07:09 Navicular Bone
07:36 Cuboid Bone
08:20 Cuneiform Bones
08:51 Tarsal Bones Mnemonic
09:06 Metatarsals
10:10 Phalanges
11:09 Next Topic

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In this video I break down the bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges), using clear visuals to help you understand their anatomy and articulation.

Tarsal Bones

Talus (Talus): forms the ankle joint; features include trochlea, medial and lateral malleolar facets, and superior facet
Trochlea of talus (Trochlea tali): saddle-shaped top surface that articulates with tibia and fibula
Lateral process (Processus lateralis tali): attachment for lateral talocalcaneal ligament
Posterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea posterior): articulates with calcaneus
Posterior process (Processus posterior tali): contains lateral and medial tubercles
Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): transmits flexor hallucis longus tendon
Sulcus tali (Sulcus tali): groove between articulating facets; forms sinus tarsi with calcaneal sulcus
Middle calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea media): articulates with calcaneus
Anterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea anterior): anterior articulation with calcaneus
Navicular articular surface (Facies articularis navicularis): forms talonavicular joint
Calcaneus (Calcaneus): heel bone; largest tarsal bone
Calcaneal tuberosity (Tuber calcanei): insertion for Achilles tendon and plantar aponeurosis
Medial and lateral processes (Processus medialis et lateralis tuberis calcanei): muscle origins including abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis
Sustentaculum tali (Sustentaculum tali): supports talus head; attachment for ligaments
Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): passes under sustentaculum
Calcaneal tubercle (Tuberculum calcanei): supports long plantar ligament
Fibular trochlea (Trochlea fibularis): guides fibularis tendons
Anterior, middle, and posterior talar articular surfaces (Facies articulares talares): articulate with talus
Cuboid articular surface (Facies articularis cuboidea): anterior surface for cuboid
Calcaneal sulcus (Sulcus calcanei): forms sinus tarsi with sulcus tali
Navicular (Os naviculare): located between talus and cuneiforms
Tuberosity of navicular (Tuberositas ossis navicularis): insertion for tibialis posterior
Cuboid (Os cuboideum): lateral bone between calcaneus and metatarsals
Tuberosity of cuboid (Tuberositas ossis cuboidei): attachment for ligaments
Groove for fibularis longus (Sulcus musculi fibularis longi): guides fibularis longus tendon
Calcaneal process (Processus calcaneus ossis cuboidei): supports cuboid-calcaneus articulation
Medial cuneiform (Os cuneiforme mediale): articulates with 1st metatarsal
Intermediate cuneiform (Os cuneiforme intermedium): articulates with 2nd metatarsal
Lateral cuneiform (Os cuneiforme laterale): articulates with 3rd metatarsal

Metatarsals

Metatarsals I–V (Ossa metatarsalia I–V): numbered medial to lateral; each has base, shaft, and head
Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis primi): insertion for fibularis longus
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis quinti): insertion for fibularis brevis

Phalanges

Proximal phalanges (Phalanges proximales): 5 in total; base, shaft, and head
Middle phalanges (Phalanges mediae): 4 total; absent in big toe
Distal phalanges (Phalanges distales): 5 total; each ends with a tuberosity
Tuberosity of distal phalanx (Tuberositas phalangis distalis): attachment site for soft tissue

Mnemonic

“Tiger Cubs Need MILC”: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiforms, Cuboid

Sources:
Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed.
• Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd ed.
• Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
• White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual

Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint