27. WHAT ARE DIODE APPROXIMATIONS | DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IDEAL AND REAL DIODE | BASIC ELECTRONICS

WHAT ARE DIODE APPROXIMATIONS | DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IDEAL AND REAL DIODE | BASIC ELECTRONICS | SECRETS OF PHYSICS | RABIA BABER
DESCRIPTION:
Diode approximations are simplified models used to analyze diode circuits without going into the full complex behavior of a real diode.
They help in understanding how a diode behaves in practical circuits by assuming certain ideal or near-ideal characteristics.
There are three main diode approximations:
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1. Ideal Diode Approximation (First Approximation)
• Assumption: The diode conducts perfectly in the forward direction and blocks completely in reverse.
• Forward bias: Diode is replaced by a short circuit (0 V drop).
• Reverse bias: Diode is replaced by an open circuit (no current flows).
• Use: Quick and rough analysis where voltage drop is negligible.
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2. Second Approximation (Practical Diode Approximation)
• Assumption: The diode has a forward voltage drop (barrier potential).
o For silicon diodes: ≈ 0.7 V
o For germanium diodes: ≈ 0.3 V
• Forward bias: Replace the diode with a 0.7 V battery in series with a short circuit.
• Reverse bias: Still treated as an open circuit.
• Use: More accurate than ideal model; used in most circuit calculations.
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3. Third Approximation
• Assumption: Includes both the forward voltage drop and a small internal (dynamic) resistance of the diode.
• Forward bias: Represented as a 0.7 V drop in series with a small resistor (rₒ).
• Reverse bias: Treated as an open circuit.
• Use: Used for precise analysis in advanced or high-current circuits.

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