Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty | Constitutional Law | UPSC Law Optional
Автор: Maansarovar Law
Загружено: 2026-01-10
Просмотров: 1210
Article 21 of the Constitution of India forms the heart of Fundamental Rights and has undergone massive judicial expansion through constitutional interpretation by the Supreme Court.
In this lecture on UPSC Law Optional – Constitutional Law, we examine Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty, focusing on its scope, meaning, and evolution through landmark judgments.
The class covers:
• Meaning and scope of “life” and “personal liberty”
• Procedural due process vs substantive due process
• Transformation of Article 21 after Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
• Relationship of Article 21 with Articles 14 and 19
• Judicial expansion of Article 21
• Rights read into Article 21 (privacy, dignity, livelihood, legal aid, clean environment, speedy trial, etc.)
• Important Supreme Court cases for UPSC answer writing
This lecture is useful for:
• UPSC Law Optional (Paper I – Constitutional Law)
• Judicial Services aspirants
• LLM and LL.B constitutional law students
The approach is analytical and case-law oriented, keeping UPSC mains answer requirements in mind.
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