The Cities of Sumer

The Cities of Sumer, which flourished around 4500 years ago in Mesopotamia, were some of the earliest urban centers in human history. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now modern-day Iraq, these cities played a significant role in the development of civilization as we know it today. The city-states of Sumer included Ur, Uruk, Nippur, Lagash, and Eridu, each with its own unique culture and contributions to the region's history. The Sumerians are credited with creating some of the earliest forms of writing, including cuneiform script, which was used for both practical and literary purposes. They also developed advanced irrigation systems, allowing them to farm the fertile plains between the rivers and support large populations in their cities. Additionally, the Sumerians made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, with evidence suggesting they were among the first people to recognize the importance of hygiene in maintaining public health. Many of the city-states of Sumer have been excavated, revealing impressive ziggurats, temples, and palaces that showcase their advanced architectural skills. The discovery of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a epic poem from ancient Sumeria, has also provided valuable insights into the culture and values of these early civilizations. Overall, the Cities of Sumer were truly remarkable places, marking the beginning of urban life and laying the foundation for many subsequent civilizations in the region.