Know about Your Constitution Day3

📘 Explanation of Part 2 – Citizenship (Articles 10–15)

🔹 Article 10: Citizenship Cannot Be Denied

No Nepali citizen can be denied citizenship rights once they are eligible.

Nepal recognizes single federal citizenship with provincial identity.

🔹 Article 11: Who is a Citizen of Nepal?

This is the main article that explains types and conditions of citizenship.

1. Existing Citizens

Anyone who already had Nepali citizenship when the constitution came into effect continues to be a Nepali citizen.

2. Persons Living in Nepal Before Constitution

Those permanently residing in Nepal before the constitution can get citizenship by descent if:

They were born in Nepal, OR

Their father or mother is a Nepali citizen.

3. Children of Nepali Parents

If both parents are Nepali, the child gets citizenship by descent.

If only one parent is Nepali but the other is unknown or not identified, the child gets citizenship by descent.

4. Orphan Children

Children found in Nepal whose parents are unknown are treated as Nepali citizens by descent.

5. Citizenship Through Nepali Mother

A child born in Nepal to a Nepali mother and father unknown gets citizenship by descent.

If later the father is found to be foreign, citizenship may convert to naturalized.

6. Marriage-Based Citizenship (Foreign Women)

A foreign woman married to a Nepali man can get naturalized citizenship, following legal procedures.

7. Children Born to Nepali Women Married to Foreign Men

If a Nepali woman marries a foreign man:

Her child can get citizenship only if the father does not hold foreign citizenship
OR

If the child is born and raised in Nepal (based on descent), depending on law.

8. Special Naturalization

The Government of Nepal may grant naturalized citizenship as per federal laws.

9. Persons Living in Border Areas

People living in areas bordering Nepal and proven to be Nepali by identity can get Nepali citizenship under law.

🔹 Article 12: Citizenship by Descent and Identity

A person receiving citizenship by descent gets a document that mentions the mother or father’s name.

It ensures that women also have equal recognition in establishing descent.

🔹 Article 13: Acquisition, Reacquisition, and Termination

The process of gaining, regaining, and losing citizenship is determined by federal law.

🔹 Article 14: Non-residential Nepali Citizenship (NRN)

NRN citizenship can be granted to:

People who have taken foreign citizenship

But whose father/mother/grandfather/grandmother was Nepali by birth

Primarily from South Asian countries
NRN citizenship allows cultural, economic, social rights (but no political rights).

🔹 Article 15: More Provisions Related to Citizenship

Other matters like citizenship record keeping, citizenship cancellation, updating, etc., will be determined by federal laws.


📌 Summary

Part 2 ensures:

Equal access to citizenship

Recognition through mother or father

Protection of orphans

NRN citizenship

Marriage-based and naturalized citizenship

Legal clarity on who is Nepali


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