Ultrasonic pulse velocity test of concrete | UPV Test | Nod destructive test of concrete | NDT

What is nod destructive test????
In-situ tests conducted on existing structures using specialized equipment.
To determine the property, condition and durability of the material / structure without damaging it
Results are correlated with the results of other destructive / non-destructive tests.
Results may be affected by environmental conditions.
Construction details and building components may affect the results.
Generally, more than one test method is required to estimate / assess the quality of material and condition of structure.
UPV Test important points:
*Qualitative assessment of strength of concrete
*To assess the condition of structural members on the basis of recorded ultrasonic velocity
*To evaluate internal cracks, voids, delamination and other damages in concrete, mortar, wood, masonry, ceramic and metals
*To evaluate the severity of deterioration
*Principle of Test - Wave Propagation theory - When the surface of a solid elastic medium is affected by a dynamic/vibratory load, 3 types of mechanical waves are created – Compressional waves (longitudinal or P-waves), Shear (transverse or S-waves) and Surface waves (Rayleigh waves)
*Each wave propagates with its characteristics velocities
*Wave velocity depends on the elastic properties and density of the medium
In UPV test, an ultrasonic pulse wave is generated by the transducer held in contact at a point on the surface of the test object After traversing a known path length L within the material, the pulse of vibrations is converted into an electrical signal by the second transducer held in contact with the other surface of the member Knowing the distance between the two points L and the time of travel T from that point to another, the velocity V of the wave pulse is determined as V = L / T
Reflection & refraction occurs when sound waves interact with interfaces of different acoustic properties

Once the ultrasonic pulse impinges on the surface of material, the maximum energy is propagated at right angles to the face of transmitting transducer. Thus best results are obtained for direct transmission or cross probing Semi-direct and Indirect or surface probing not as efficient as cross probing Signal produced at the receiving transducer has amplitude of only 2-3% of that produced by cross probing. Test results are influenced by surface layers, which may have different property from inner materials.

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