GCSE Biology - Structure of a Leaf | Plant Cell Organisation

⭐️ https://www.cognito.org/ ⭐️

** WHAT'S COVERED **
1. Levels of organisation in plants.
Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Example: Leaves, stem, and roots forming a transport system.
2. Structure of a plant leaf (cross-section).
Function as the site of photosynthesis.
Key tissues: Epidermis (upper and lower), mesophyll (palisade and spongy), xylem, and phloem.
3. Adaptations of the leaf for photosynthesis and gas exchange.
Role of palisade mesophyll and chloroplasts.
Importance of spongy mesophyll air gaps.
Function of transparent upper epidermis.
4. Gas exchange and water loss control.
Role of stomata and guard cells in CO2 uptake and water vapour loss.
Waxy cuticle function in preventing water loss.
How guard cells open and close stomata (turgid vs flaccid).
Adaptations like stomata location and light sensitivity.
5. Meristem tissue.
Role as plant stem cells for growth.
Location at root and shoot tips.

** CHAPTERS **
0:00 Plant Organisation Levels
0:38 Leaf Cross Section & Photosynthesis
1:09 Stomata, Lower Epidermis & CO2 Diffusion
1:29 Spongy Mesophyll & Gas Diffusion
1:38 Palisade Mesophyll & Photosynthesis
1:49 Upper Epidermis & Sunlight
2:02 Phloem & Sugar Transport
2:12 Water Loss Problem & Xylem
2:38 Stomata & Water Loss Control
3:02 Guard Cells: Turgid vs Flaccid
3:44 Adaptations of Stomata (Light & Location)
4:07 Meristem Tissue (Plant Stem Cells)

** PLAYLISTS **
   • GCSE Maths (9-1)  

   • GCSE Biology (9-1)  

   • GCSE Chemistry (9-1)  

   • GCSE Physics (9-1)  

   • Alevel Biology  

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