NEET 2025 Biology | Molecular Basis of Inheritance Part 1 | Mission 100 | DNA Learning

Welcome to Mission 100 - NEET 2025 Biology Live Class, where we dive deep into one of the most important topics in Genetics – Molecular Basis of Inheritance! This chapter is a crucial part of the NCERT Class 12 Biology syllabus and holds significant weightage in the NEET 2025 exam.

In this LIVE session, we will cover:
✅ DNA Structure & Function
✅ RNA & Its Role in Protein Synthesis
✅ Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
✅ DNA Replication
✅ Transcription & Translation
✅ Genetic Code & Mutations
✅ Regulation of Gene Expression

This high-yield session is designed to strengthen your concepts, improve your problem-solving skills, and help you score FULL MARKS in the NEET exam! 🏆

🌟 Chapter Overview: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
🔬 What is Molecular Basis of Inheritance?
Inheritance is the process by which genetic material is passed from parents to offspring. The molecular basis of inheritance lies in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), which carries genetic instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all living organisms.

DNA was first identified as the genetic material through Griffith’s Transformation Experiment, followed by the Hershey-Chase Experiment that confirmed DNA as the hereditary material.

🧬 Structure of DNA (Watson & Crick Model)
DNA is a double-helical structure made up of two polynucleotide strands.
Each nucleotide consists of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C).
Base Pairing Rule: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) (via 2 hydrogen bonds), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) (via 3 hydrogen bonds).
🔄 DNA Replication (Semi-Conservative Model)
The process of making a copy of DNA before cell division is called DNA Replication. It follows a semi-conservative model, meaning one strand of the original DNA is retained in each new molecule.

✅ Key Enzymes in DNA Replication:

Helicase: Unwinds the DNA strands
DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleotides to the growing chain
Ligase: Seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments
Primase: Synthesizes RNA primers
📝 Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (By Francis Crick)
The Central Dogma explains the flow of genetic information:
DNA → RNA → Protein

Transcription: DNA → mRNA (in the nucleus)
Translation: mRNA → Protein (on ribosomes)
🧬 Genetic Code & Its Characteristics
The Genetic Code is the set of rules by which information in DNA or RNA is translated into proteins. It is:
✅ Universal: Same for all organisms
✅ Triplet Code: Each amino acid is coded by 3 nucleotides (codon)
✅ Degenerate: More than one codon can code for the same amino acid
✅ Non-Overlapping: Each nucleotide is read only once

🔁 Transcription & Translation
✅ Transcription (DNA to mRNA)

RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region and synthesizes RNA from DNA.
In prokaryotes, transcription happens in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, it occurs in the nucleus.
The final mRNA carries codons that determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
✅ Translation (Protein Synthesis)

Takes place on ribosomes using mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
The mRNA codons are read in sets of three to assemble the polypeptide chain.
🧪 Gene Regulation (Lac Operon Model)
Gene expression is controlled by regulatory mechanisms. The Lac Operon in bacteria is an example of an inducible operon that regulates lactose metabolism.

🎥 Why Watch This NEET Live Class?
✅ Interactive Learning Experience
✅ NEET-Specific Exam Tips & Tricks
✅ Live MCQ Solving with Detailed Explanations
✅ Doubt Solving in Real-Time
✅ Handwritten Notes & PDF Available After the Session
📍 Join us LIVE on DNA Learning – Your Ultimate NEET Preparation Partner!

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