Shoulder dislocation

Live online medical lecture on shoulder joint and its dislocation
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

The shoulder ball (humeral head) fits loosely in the socket (glenoid) and is unrestricted so the shoulder joint is the most mobile and most commonly dislocated major joint.
Soft-tissue stabilizers can be divided into two categories: static and dynamic.
The static stabilizers are the ligaments of the shoulder: superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments, capsule and the labrum (the cartilage ring that surrounds the socket).
The dynamic stabilizers, which include the rotator cuff muscles, are the muscle groups that surround the shoulder.
Flexion:
Pectoralis major, deltoid, coracobrachialis, long head of biceps brachii
Extension:
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major, deltoid, long head of triceps brachii
Adduction:
Coracobrachialis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
Abduction:
Supraspinatus, deltoid
Internal rotation:
Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, deltoid
External rotation:
Teres minor, infraspinatus, deltoid
A dislocation is a complete displacement of articular surfaces from each other.
A dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position.
A dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve damage.
Dislocations may be associated with a periarticular fracture
Traumatic dislocation :
More common
Dislocations are usually caused by a sudden impact to the joint.
This usually occurs following a blow, fall, or other trauma.
Pathological dislocation :
In some cases, dislocations are caused by a disease or a defective ligament.
Examples are Rheumatoid Arthritis and tumor.
Mechanism of injury:
95% of the dislocations are classified as traumatic, it is very age dependent.
In the younger age groups, athletic injures are common, such as from athletic trauma or a fall, whereas in older persons, often the result of falls.
Inferior dislocation is the result of a hyperabduction force that levers the proximal humerus against the acromion and out of the glenoid inferiorly.
Anterior (forward)

Posterior (backward)

Inferior (downward)
Diagnosis:
History of injury
Significant pain, which can sometimes be felt past the shoulder, along the arm
Inability to move the arm from its current position, particularly in positions with the arm reaching away from the body and with the top of the arm twisted toward the back ,Numbness of the arm
Visibly displaced shoulder. Some dislocations result in the shoulder appearing unusually square
Dugas sign: A simple clinical test for dislocated shoulder. When the hand of the affected side is placed on the opposite shoulder the elbow cannot be made to touch the chest.
Treatment:
Manual reduction : A variety of techniques exist, but some are preferred due to fewer complications or easier execution. Such as Hippocrates, Stimson, Kocher maneuver
Hang the affected limb with elbow in 90 degree
3 weeks or more
Early functional exercises