Battle of Manzikert 5

On August 26, 1071, the two armies finally met near the town of Manzikert. Romanos, confident in his numerical superiority, arranged his forces in a traditional formation, with infantry at the center and cavalry on the wings. The Seljuks, however, avoided a direct confrontation, instead using their mobility to harass and encircle the Byzantines. As the day wore on, the Byzantine army grew fatigued, and the Seljuk feigned retreats lured portions of the imperial forces into disarray.

The turning point came when Andronikos Doukas, a rival general with ambitions for the throne, spread false rumors of Romanos’ death and ordered a retreat. The Byzantine lines collapsed, and the emperor, fighting valiantly, was captured by Seljuk forces. Alp Arslan, displaying a surprising degree of magnanimity, treated Romanos with respect and negotiated a relatively lenient peace treaty. However, the emperor’s return to Constantinople was met with betrayal, as his enemies deposed, blinded, and exiled him, leading to his tragic death.

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