प्लेट विवर्तनिक सिद्धांत || Plate Tectonic Theory || Continent and Ocean ka vistar

प्लेट विवर्तनिक सिद्धांत || Plate Tectonic Theory || Continent and Ocean ka vistar #sandeepsir

प्लेट टेक्टोनिक्स के सिद्धांत के अनुसार , पृथ्वी का स्थलमंडल कई छोटी और बड़ी टेक्टोनिक प्लेटों से निर्मित हुआ है. इन प्लेटों में गति के फलस्वरूप पृथ्वी के अंदर हलचल होती है, जो भूकंप, ज्वालामुखी जैसी आपदाओं और विभिन्न भौगोलिक संरचनाओं के निर्माण के लिए ज़िम्मेदार होती है। प्लेट टेक्टोनिक्स एक भौगोलिक सिद्धांत है जो पृथ्वी की बाहरी परत, स्थलमंडल और उसके बड़े टुकड़ों में विभाजन को कवर करता है, जिन्हें टेक्टोनिक प्लेट्स कहते हैं। इस ऑडियो आर्टिकल में प्लेट टेक्टोनिक्स के विविध पहलुओं पर विस्तार से चर्चा की गयी है।

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Earth’s crust is made up of plates that move across the Earth’s surface. The continents sit on these plates and move around with them. You may be familiar with the supercontinent Pangea that formed about 270 million years ago. Its formation (and subsequent separation) were the result of plate tectonics.

So what is causing these plates to move?

The main driver of plate movement is convection. Convection is the heating and cooling of the mantle. The hot mantle rises up towards the crust where is it cooled, causing it to sink back down to be reheated. This cycle is repeated and it moves the plates along.

Anywhere two plates meet is called a plate boundary. There are three main types. Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. I’ll talk about each of these briefly.

Convergent boundaries are where two plates come together in a head-on collision, usually between an oceanic plate and a continental plate. When this happens, one plate will be subducted beneath the other plate. So it will be pulled into the mantle and melted down. This melting can cause a volcano to form on the continental plate.

At divergent boundaries, two plates are moving in opposite directions. As convection currents drive these plates apart, magma rises up from the mantle to form new crust and a ridge or depression between the two plates.

And finally in transform boundaries two plates slide past one another. This sliding motion results in built up tension that, when released, causes earthquakes.