Structure and function of neuron| Types of neurons | Neuron Class 10 | Bio Scholar

Structure and function of neuron| Types of neurons | Neuron Class 10 | Bio Scholar
#Neurons #StructureAndfunctionsOfNeuron #NeuronStructure #NeuronFunctions #typesOfNeurons

Neuron — Structure and Function
Definition:
A neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system, specialized for transmitting electrical impulses.


Main Parts:
Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and organelles; controls metabolic activities.
Dendrites: Short, branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons or receptors.
Axon: Long fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Myelin Sheath: Fatty layer (in some neurons) that insulates the axon, speeding up impulse transmission.
Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath where ion exchange occurs during impulse conduction.
Axon Terminals: End branches that release neurotransmitters into the synapse.


Function:
Neurons receive, process, and transmit information via electrical impulses and chemical signals.


Types of Neurons:
Sensory Neurons: Carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.
Motor Neurons: Carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands.
Interneurons: Connect neurons within the CNS for processing and coordination



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