Van Camping in't YORKSHIRE DALES (Part Two) The Craven Hoffman Lime Kilm & Catrigg Force Waterfall.

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Craven Lime Works & Hoffman Kiln
This industrial scale lime kiln was built in 1873 for the Craven Lime Company. The Hoffmann Continuous kiln was patented in 1858 by its German inventor Friedrich Hoffmann. The version built under licence at Langcliffe had 22 individual burning chambers. Limestone was burned continuously in a circuit around the kiln and it took an average of six weeks for one whole circuit.

Limestone blocks from the nearby quarry were barrowed in and carefully stacked by hand in the burning chamber. Coal was mixed in, and once lit, more added through small coal chutes from the top of the kiln. The complicated flue system allowed the heat and speed of the burn around the kiln to be carefully regulated. As one chamber burned, waste heat warmed limestone blocks in the next two or three chambers. Behind the burning zone, two or three chambers were left to cool down before the lime could be shovelled out and loaded onto railway wagons waiting in the sidings beside the kiln.

The kiln is lined with firebricks to withstand the intense heat. Behind the firebricks is a limestone rubble core, which helped to keep the heat in. In the roof are the small chutes down which crushed coal was dropped to keep the limestone burning. At floor level in the walls are the flue holes. Air was drawn from the outside under the burning limestone and the smoke went up the central core of the kiln to the chimney. Iron dampers on the roof allowed workers to regulate the draught in the flue system.

CATRIGG FORCE
A hidden gem, this waterfall lies deep within a wooded gorge and is a perfect secluded spot loved by everyone who finds it. The composer Edward Elgar had friends in Settle and, it is said, enjoyed the walk up to Catrigg Force whenever he visited.

THE YORKSHIRE DALES
Are a series of valleys, or dales, in the Pennines, an upland range in England.
They are mostly located in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, but extend into Cumbria and Lancashire; they are entirely within the historic boundaries of Yorkshire.
The majority of the dales are within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954. 
The exception is the area around Nidderdale, which forms the separate Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The landscape of the Yorkshire Dales consists of sheltered glacial valleys separated by exposed moorland. 
The predominant rock is Carboniferous Limestone, which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as Malham Cove.
It is overlain in many areas by the Yoredale Series of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the dales their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.
Most of the dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary catchments: the Swale, Ure, Wharfe, Aire, Nidd, Ribble, and Lune.
There are several notable cave systems in the area, including part of the longest system in the United Kingdom.

Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for red grouse shooting. 
Dry stone walls and field barns are characteristic of the valley floors, particularly Wensleydale and Swaledale in the north.
Wensleydale cheese is a particularly famous product from the region.
The dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the Dales Way, Pennine Way, and Coast to Coast long-distance footpaths.
The Yorkshire Three Peaks is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in three of its mountains: Ingleborough (723 m (2,372 ft)), Whernside (736 m (2,415 ft)), and Pen-y-ghent (694 m (2,277 ft)).
The extensive cave systems are a major centre for caving in the UK.

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