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Image formation through lenses in urdu hindi sabaq 10th physics wallah chapter 12 atif Ahmad Official

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10th physics chapter 12 ch 12


Lenses in urdu hindi and terminologies of lens 12.8 lenses 10th physics wallah chapter 12 ka sabaq.
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12.8 LENSES
A lens is any transparent material having two surfaces, of
which at least one is curved. Lenses refract light in such a way
that an image of the object is formed.
Lenses of many different types are used in optical devices
such as cameras, eyeglasses, microscopes, telescopes, and
projectors. They also enable millions of people to see clearly
and read comfortably.

Types of Lenses
There are different types of lenses. The lens which causes
incident parallel rays to converge at a point is known as
convex or converging lens. This lens is thick at the centre but
thin at the edges (Fig.12.18). Another type of lens causes the
parallel rays of light to diverge from a point. This is called
concave or diverging lens. This lens is thin at the centre and
thick at the edges (Fig.12.19).
Lens Terminology
Principal Axis: Each of the two surfaces of a spherical lens is a
section of a sphere. The line passing through the two centres
of curvatures of the lens is called principal axis (Fig. 12.20).
Optical Centre, C: A point on the principal axis at the centre of

Principal Focus, F: The light rays travelling parallel to the
principal axis of a convex lens after refraction meet at a point
on the principal axis, called principal focus or focal point F.
Hence, convex lens is also called converging lens. For a concave
lens, the parallel rays appear to come from a point behind the
lens called principal focus F (Fig. 12.21). Hence concave lens is
also called diverging lens.
Focal Length, f : This is the distance between the optical
centre and the principal focus (Fig. 12.21).
Fig. 12.21: Concave lens
Activity 12.4: Place a convex lens in front of a white
screen and adjust its position until a sharp image of a
distant object is obtained on the screen. For example,
we can do this experiment before an open window to get
the image of window on a wall or screen (Fig.12.22).
Measure the distance between the lens and the screen.
This is the approximate focal length of the lens. Explain.
(Hint: Make a ray diagram). What is the nature
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