Saudi Arabia’s Incredible Desert Farming Transformation
Автор: The Primest - The Money Channel
Загружено: 2024-09-23
Просмотров: 4394
Saudi Arabia is known for its vast deserts and extreme heat, but something incredible is happening there. The country is turning its dry, sandy land into huge, green farmlands. This transformation is not only surprising but also vital for a country that imports most of its food. By using new farming techniques and advanced technology, Saudi Arabia is making the desert bloom, growing crops and producing food in places where it seemed impossible. In this article, we'll explore how Saudi Arabia is achieving this remarkable change and what it means for the future of farming. But before starting the video, make sure to like it and subscribe to the channel. Let's get into it!
Saudi Arabia's Agricultural Revolution
Saudi Arabia is a country where 95% of the land is a scorching desert, covered with sand dunes and barren, infertile soil. Despite this, the country has become a surprising agricultural power. Even though it's one of the few nations in the world without any permanent rivers and receives just four inches of rain per year, Saudi Arabia has managed to export vegetables, fruits, and dairy products to countries around the globe. Remarkably, in the 1990s, Saudi Arabia was even one of the world's largest exporters of wheat.
If we take a closer look, we can see something quite astonishing happening across the Saudi desert. Scattered throughout the vast, empty landscapes are large, circular patches of greenery. These aren't just small gardens but enormous farmlands spread out across the country, even in the heart of the desert. These green circles are actually center pivot irrigation farms, a key part of Saudi Arabia's agricultural success.
Saudi Arabia's agricultural projects are massive in scale, demonstrating a significant investment in farming technologies that help make the desert bloom. By using advanced irrigation techniques like center pivot systems, the country has found ways to grow food in areas that were once thought impossible to cultivate.
A Massive Transformation
Over the past six decades, Saudi Arabia has successfully transformed 24,000 square kilometers of desert into fertile farmland.
How Water Transformed Saudi Arabia's Deserts into Farmland
When we think of Saudi Arabia or the broader Middle East, what often comes to mind are images of scorching sun, endless sand dunes, and one of the harshest climates on Earth. But it wasn't always this way. About 10,000 years ago, the Arabian Peninsula was a land of rolling grasslands, forests, and jungles, nourished by torrential monsoon rains, much like modern-day tropical Southeast Asia.
Water has been at the heart of Saudi Arabia's agricultural transformation. The key to their success lies in how they have sourced and managed water in a region that lacks natural rivers and receives minimal rainfall. Their ability to tap into ancient groundwater reserves and apply advanced irrigation technologies has enabled them to turn vast stretches of desert into fertile farmlands. The question remains: how did Saudi Arabia secure such large quantities of water in a region that is known for its scarcity?
To support large-scale farming, engineers in Saudi Arabia tapped into ancient river channels that are now buried beneath the sand. These channels hold what's known as fossil water, which has been trapped in underground aquifers as deep as one kilometer below the surface. This water was stored during past periods of wetter climates, including glacial epochs that occurred between 10,000 and 2 million years ago.
Center Pivot Irrigation
It's crucial for farmers to save water and energy when irrigating crops, especially as these resources become more limited. To do this, good irrigation management is needed, and one of the best methods is center pivot irrigation. This technique was invented by a farmer named Frank Zeibach in Colorado and is considered one of the most effective ways to improve water distribution on farms. As the name suggests, center pivot irrigation works by rotating in a circular pattern around a central point, distributing water evenly.
Most of Saudi Arabia's rain falls on the western mountains, known as the Arabian Shield, and the water flows back into the sea without being used. Because of this, Saudi Arabia is facing a serious depletion of its water reserves, which puts its agriculture at risk.
To avoid this crisis, Saudi Arabia has started buying agricultural land in other countries like the United States, Argentina, Indonesia, and several African nations. In fact, Saudi Arabia is now one of the largest buyers of farmland abroad. However, there are some natural solutions that can help turn deserts into farmland.
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