Embryology | Development of Reproductive System

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In this embryology lecture, Professor Zach Murphy presents a comprehensive overview of the reproductive system's development, tracing the transformation from indifferent gonads into male or female reproductive organs. The lecture emphasizes the critical timing, signaling pathways, and embryologic structures that govern sexual differentiation.

We begin with the formation of the gonadal ridges from intermediate mesoderm and how the presence or absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome initiates testis or ovary development. Zach breaks down the role of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) in the differentiation of the Wolffian (mesonephric) ducts into male internal structures and the regression of the Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts.

In contrast, he explains how—without SRY and with the absence of MIS—the Müllerian ducts persist to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina, while the Wolffian ducts regress. The lecture also covers the development of external genitalia, guided by hormonal signaling, and the formation of structures like the penis, scrotum, clitoris, and labia.

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