OOP Problem Solving (Problem 33)

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   • Problem solving OOP with (c++)  
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Object-oriented programming
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"Object-oriented" redirects here. For other meanings of object-oriented, see Object-orientation.
"Object-oriented programming language" redirects here. For a list of object-oriented programming languages, see List of object-oriented programming languages.
Programming paradigms
Action
Agent-oriented
Array-oriented
Automata-based
Concurrent computing
Relativistic programming
Data-driven
Declarative (contrast: Imperative)
Functional
Functional logic
Purely functional
Logic
Abductive logic
Answer set
Concurrent logic
Functional logic
Inductive logic
Constraint
Constraint logic
Concurrent constraint logic
Dataflow
Flow-based
Reactive
Functional reactive
Ontology
Differentiable
Dynamic/scripting
Event-driven
Function-level (contrast: Value-level)
Point-free style
Concatenative
Generic
Imperative (contrast: Declarative)
Procedural
Object-oriented
Polymorphic
Intentional
Language-oriented
Domain-specific
Literate
Natural-language programming
Metaprogramming
Automatic
Inductive programming
Reflective
Attribute-oriented
Macro
Template
Non-structured (contrast: Structured)
Array
Nondeterministic
Parallel computing
Process-oriented
Probabilistic
Quantum
Set-theoretic
Stack-based
Structured (contrast: Non-structured)
Block-structured
Structured concurrency
Object-oriented
Actor-based
Class-based
Concurrent
Prototype-based
By separation of concerns:
Aspect-oriented
Role-oriented
Subject-oriented
Recursive
Symbolic
Value-level (contrast: Function-level)
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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods).

A feature of objects is that an object's own procedures can access and often modify the data fields of itself (objects have a notion of this or self). In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another.[1][2] OOP languages are diverse, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also determine their types.

Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Significant object-oriented languages include: Java, C++, C#, Python, R, PHP, Visual Basic.NET, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, SIMSCRIPT, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Kotlin, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and Smalltalk.


Contents
1 History
2 Features
2.1 Shared with non-OOP languages
2.2 Objects and classes
2.3 Class-based vs prototype-based
2.4 Dynamic dispatch/message passing
2.5 Encapsulation
2.6 Composition, inheritance, and delegation
2.7 Polymorphism
2.8 Open recursion
3 OOP languages
3.1 OOP in dynamic languages
3.2 OOP in a network protocol
4 Design patterns
4.1 Inheritance and behavioral subtyping
4.2 Gang of Four design patterns
4.3 Object-orientation and databases
4.4 Real-world modeling and relationships
4.5 OOP and control flow
4.6 Responsibility- vs. data-driven design
4.7 SOLID and GRASP guidelines
5 Criticism
6 Formal semantics
7 See also
7.1 Systems
7.2 Modeling languages
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History

UML notation for a class. This Button class has variables for data, and functions. Through inheritance a subclass can be created as subset of the Button class. Objects are instances of a class.
Terminology invoking "objects" and "oriented" in the modern sense of object-oriented programming made its first appearance at MIT in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the environment of the artificial intelligence group, as early as 1960, "object" could refer to identified items (LISP atoms) with properties (attributes);[3][4] Alan Kay later cited a detailed understanding of LISP internals as a strong influence on his thinking in 1966.[5]