Evolution

Explore the concept of biological evolution with the Amoeba Sisters! This video mentions a few misconceptions about biological evolution before providing a general definition. Then this video provides a description of four different evolutionary mechanisms (gene flow, mutations, genetic drift, and natural selection). Finally, the video presents several lines of evidence for biological evolution including homologies (molecular, anatomical, and developmental), the fossil record, and biogeography.

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:10 Misconceptions in Evolution
1:07 Video Overview
1:21 General Definition
1:59 Variety in a Population
2:12 Evolutionary Mechanisms
4:03 Molecular Homologies
4:47 Anatomical Homologies
6:13 Developmental Homologies
6:56 Fossil Record
7:48 Biogeography
8:54 Concluding Remarks
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FACTUAL REFERENCES:
Douglas John Emlen, and Carl Zimmer. Evolution: Making Sense of Life. Austin Macmillan Learning, 2020.

Fowler, Samantha, et al. “11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution - Concepts of Biology | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, OpenStax, 25 Apr. 2013, openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/11-2-mechanisms-of-evolution.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. Biology for AP® Courses. OpenStax, 8 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/18-1-understanding-evolution.

General definitions of biological evolution? A few:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowl...
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolut...

*Wing claw as vestigial structure in many species of birds:
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/lines-...
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/p...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2485270?
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FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
An interesting read about defining evolution from NCSE:
https://ncse.ngo/defining-evolution

Misconception Lists for Biological Evolution:
from Berkeley: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/teach-...
from Openstax: https://openstax.org/books/concepts-b...

Explore more about lines of evidence mentioned in biological evolution:
https://openstax.org/books/concepts-b...

Homology in Development: What happens to structures such as the postanal tail or pharyngeal slits (or pouches) during development?
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/ch...

Horse Hoof Changes Over Time: an interesting read!
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fos...

Kangaroos and Opossums: an interesting read:
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/kangaro...

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