All is lost in the Gulag - Central Asia Featured Series - Episode 4

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Kazakhstan is a diverse multinational society that includes some 160 ethnic groups who speak more than 80 languages.

Some of that is due to the fact that it's a giant steppe that's been raided, invaded, passed through and settled multiple times over the last 25 centuries.

But a lot of that is due to the period between 1923 and 1961 with the existence of Главное управление исправительно-трудовых лагерей or... GULAG for short.

The Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps (or the Gulag) was the institution running the labour camps - although in English we also refer to individual camps as a gulag as well.

During this period, 40% of the Kazakh people in Kazakhstan either died (most of them) or left for exile. The number of Kazakhs had come down to a bit under 3 million. In their place... millions and millions of Russians, Volga Germans, Greeks, Crimean Tartars, Jews, Poles, Belarussians, Romanians and a plethora of smaller people groups were resettled here.

About political repression, the hideous face of communism and the systematic destruction of nations... that's what we're going to discuss in this episode.

Links:
Kazakh-Language Club A Hit With Russian Speakers In Kazakhstan, Amid Ukraine War - https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-la...

How Kazakhstan Remembers the Gulag - https://icds.ee/en/how-kazakhstan-rem...

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Intro music credits: https://blocsonic.com/releases/track/...

Outro music credits: https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Ju...