Pharmaceutics CH-20.1 | Ointments in detail | Types of ointment | Medicated & Non-medicated ointment

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*Definition
Any greasy or oily semi-solid preparation, usually medicated, that can be applied externally to the skin in order to heal, soothe or protect it.
It is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a variety of body surfaces.
Drug ingredients can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended in the ointment base.

*NON MEDICATED OINTMENTS
These ointments do not contain any drugs. They are useful as emollients, protectants .
Example: Petroleum jelly.

*MEDICATED OINTMENTS
These ointments contain drugs which show local or systemic effects.
These are of several sub-types: Dermatologic ointments
Ophthalmic ointments
Rectal ointments
Vaginal ointments
Nasal ointments

Dermatologic ointments
These ointments are applied topically on the external skin. These are of three types:
1-Epidermic ointments: The drugs present in these type of ointments exert their action on the epidermis of the skin. Example: Bacitracin ointment.
(2) Endodermic ointments: The drugs present in these types of ointments exert their action on the deeper layers of cutaneous tissue. Example: Demodex ointment.
(3) Diadermic ointments:
The drugs present in these types of ointments enter into the deeper layers of skin and finally in the systemic circulation and exert systemic effects.
Example: Nitroglycerine ointment.

OPTHALMIC OINTMENTS-
These are sterile preparations which are applied inside the lower eye lid.
Only anhydrous bases are used in their preparation.
The ointment is applied as a narrow band of approximately 0.25 - 0.5 inch.
Example: Sulfacetamide sodium ointment.


RECTAL OINTMENTS-
These are the ointments to be applied to the peri- anal or within the anal canal.
The bases used are combinations of PEG 300 and PEG 3350, cetyl alcohol and cetyl esters, wax, liquid paraffin and white paraffin.
Example: Hadensa, Pilex

NASAL OINTMENTS
These are used in the topical treatment of nasal mucosa.
Drugs get absorbed into the general circulation through the rich blood supply of the nasal lining.
Example: Ipratropium bromide ointment.

VAGINAL OINTMENTS
These ointments are applied to the vulvo-vaginal area or inside the vagina.
As vagina is more susceptible to infections, the ointment should be free from micro-organisms, moulds and yeasts.
 
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