Why Do Apples Turn Brown?

Why do apples turn brown after you cut them, or when they rot? Basically for the same reason that human hair, eyes and skin is brown, too. Not that we're calling you rotten. Quick Questions explains!
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Sources:
CITATIONS
http://www.scientificamerican.com/art...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK...
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/ques...
http://www.worthington-biochem.com/TY...
http://www.food-info.net/uk/colour/en...
http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-...
http://www.scitechnol.com/tyrosinase-...
http://www.nature.com/milestones/skin...
http://pwp.surfglobal.net/rmangile/Pi...
http://www.bcerc.org/COTCpubs/BCERC.F...