Menstrual Cycle Walkthrough: Phases & Hormonal Regulation

In this menstrual cycle video, explore the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle with the Amoeba Sisters! This video will walk through major events in phases of the ovarian cycle (follicular phase and luteal phase) and phases of the uterine phase (menstrual flow, proliferative phase, and secretory phase). Then, this video will discuss general hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle with hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone. Video also briefly mentions examples of negative feedback and positive feedback in the menstrual cycle.

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:32 Menstrual Cycle Characteristics
1:29 Female Reproductive Structures
2:13 Ovarian Cycle and Uterine Cycle Walkthrough
5:25 Hormonal Control Walkthrough
10:22 Negative and Positive Feedback
10:50 Hormone Levels Chart
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FACTUAL REFERENCES:

BAERWALD, A. R., and R. A. PIERSON. “Endometrial Development in Association with Ovarian Follicular Waves during the Menstrual Cycle.” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 24, no. 4, 1 Sept. 2004, pp. 453–460, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891966/, https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.1123.

Betts, J. Gordon, et al. “Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System.” Anatomy and Physiology 2e, OpenStax, 20 Apr. 2022, openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/27-2-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-ovarian-reproductive-system.

Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “43.4 Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/43-4-hormonal-control-of-human-reproduction.

Dr. Hala Bastawros, M. D. “Hormones of the Menstrual Cycle.” Iastate.pressbooks.pub, 12 Dec. 2023, iastate.pressbooks.pub/humanreproduction/chapter/female-hormones-on-menstrual-cycle/.

Duncan, W Colin. “The Inadequate Corpus Luteum.” Reproduction and Fertility, vol. 2, no. 1, 26 Feb. 2021, pp. C1–C7, https://doi.org/10.1530/raf-20-0044.

Hall, John E., and Michael E. Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed., Elsevier, 2011.

Kerin, J. “Ovulation Detection in the Human.” Clinical Reproduction and Fertility, vol. 1, no. 1, 1 Mar. 1982, pp. 27–54, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821195/.

Magon, Navneet, and Pratap Kumar. “Hormones in Pregnancy.” Nigerian Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 4, 2012, p. 179, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640235/, https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.107549.

McCance, Kathryn, and Sue Huether. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. 8th ed., St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2019.

Thiyagarajan, Dhanalakshmi K, et al. “Physiology, Menstrual Cycle.” National Library of Medicine, StatPearls Publishing, 24 Oct. 2022, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/.

White, Bruce, et al. Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 5 Oct. 2018.

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FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:

There are so many details to explore beyond this general video! For example: what about inhibin? Why are the LH and FSH levels not identical in that early follicular phase? And how does the mature follicle get selected?

You can start here!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...

https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-an...
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