Regulation of Plasma Osmolality | Basic Cell Biology and Physiology for Medical Students

Here again, with an exciting Physiology video stuffed with in-depth knowledge.

The topic under discussion is Regulation of Plasma Osmolality. So, bring your pens and paper to note down the osmolality physiology, plasma osmolality normal range, regulation of plasma osmolality, and mechanisms of actions of Diuretics.

▬ 📌 Regulation of Plasma Osmolality
In the regulation of plasma osmolality and volume following are involved:
🔹Renin
🔹Angiotensin
🔹Aldosterone

▬ 📌 Control of Plasma Osmolality
In the Control of plasma osmolality:
🔸Osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus are sensitive to changes in plasma osmolality
🔸A rise in osmolality increases antidiuretic hormone release
🔸Plasma osmolality dehydration stimulates thirst and water reabsorption

▬ 📌 Control of Body Fluid Volume
The control of body sodium content by the kidney is the main regulator of body fluid volume:
📍 Atrial and cardiopulmonary stretch receptors detect a fall in central venous pressure, which reflects the blood volume
📍 A fall in volume sufficient to reduce blood pressure activates the baroreceptor reflex
📍 This leads to, increased sympathetic discharge
📍 Causes vasoconstriction of the renal afferent arterioles
📍 Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release and water reabsorption, and release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

▬ 📌 Angiotensin-II
Angiotensin-II is the primary hormone for sodium homeostasis and has several important functions.
🔸It is a potent vasoconstrictor
🔸Increase sodium reabsorption
🔸Increase Antidiuretic hormone secretion
🔸Aldosterone production
🔸Potentiate sympathetic activity
🔸Inhibits renin production

▬ 📌 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are important for the treatment of heart failure when the response to reduced blood pressure leads to detrimental fluid retention and edema.

▬ 📌 Aldosterone
Aldosterone is required for normal:
✫ Sodium reabsorption
✫ Potassium secretion

▬ 📌 Diuretics
Following the diuretic mechanism of action in the video.
✦ Osmotic diuretics, for example, Mannitol
✦ Loop diuretics, for example, Furosemide
✦ Aldosterone antagonists, for example, Spironolactone
✦ Sodium channel blockers, for example, Amiloride

So that was all! The rest can be watched in the video.

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