A2 GERMAN CHAPTER 12B

This video focuses on modal verbs, the subjunctive (or "conjugative" as the speaker calls it), past tense, and weather-related vocabulary.

Modal Verbs and Subjunctive (Conjunctive) Forms:
The discussion includes the use of modal verbs, specifically focusing on how they are used in the past tense and in the subjunctive form.
The speaker explains that the direct translation of the German modal verb dürfen is "to be allowed," but it is used like the English "may". For example, dürfen is used to ask for permission, such as "May I go out?" or "May I eat?".
The German modal verb können ("to be able to") is used like the English "can".
The German verb müssen ("to have to") is used like the English "must".
The speaker gives examples of past tense and subjunctive constructions:
"I could have done it".
"I must have done it".
"I should have done it".
"I wouldn't have been tired if I had been able to do my homework earlier".
When using modal verbs in the past tense of the subjunctive form, the structure is challenging, especially in the subordinate clause. The modal verb goes to the end of the sentence.
With modal verbs, the auxiliary verb haben (to have) is always used to form the past tense of the subjunctive, even with verbs that normally use sein (to be), such as gehen (to go).
Normal Verbs and Past Tense:
For "normal verbs" (non-modal verbs), the speaker advises using werden plus the infinitive for the subjunctive.
The discussion touches on forming the past tense of regular and irregular verbs. The speaker mentions that for regular verbs, you add a 't' to the end of the stem (or 'et' in some cases). Irregular verbs must be learned by heart.
Weather Vocabulary:
The latter part of the video focuses on German weather terms and forming adjectives from nouns.
To form adjectives, the suffix -ig is often added to the noun.
der Wind (the wind) becomes windig (windy).
die Sonne (the sun) becomes sonnig (sunny).
Some weather phenomena use verbs:
Es ist heiß (It is hot).
Es ist bewölkt (It is cloudy).
Es stürmt (It is storming).
Es regnet (It is raining).
Es schneit (It is snowing).
Es hagelt (It is hailing).
Es blitzt (It is lightning) and Es donnert (It is thundering).
The word der Wetterbericht means "the weather report".
The phrase Das Wetter wird anders means "The weather becomes different" or "It's getting different"



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