新加坡开埠200周年 从前到现代市貌发展过程影像 200th Anniversary of Singapore's Founding Then and Now 4K Ultra HD

製作這部影片要展現一百多年前，新加坡舊時代的影像和現代城市的面貌強烈對比，記錄百年前街道，建築物，人文生活，記念新加坡開埠二百年的視頻。 一八一八年三月萊佛士來到蘇門答臘擔任西岸明古魯代理總督，由於當時馬六甲海峽諸島都是在荷蘭控制範圍，因為荷蘭在這塊區域長期商業壟斷，萊佛士決定策劃向東南亞發展英國勢力。他憑籍深厚的東方知識和卓越的口才，使當時的印度總督沃倫·黑斯廷斯信任，為了保障英國貿易，必須馬上採取有力行動。一八一八年十二月奉黑斯廷斯之命，在馬六甲海峽東面建立前哨基地，開闢了向南中國海擴張的通道。計劃在馬來亞半島南端一個小島上，建立一個自由貿易港，即今日的新加坡。萊佛士於一月二十八日，乘巡洋艦抵達棋樟山（聖約翰島），二十九日登陸新加坡本島他在當日宣佈東印度公司已經從蘇丹手中獲得新加坡治理權，事實上這個治理權來得並不順利：當時的蘇丹並未同意萊佛士的要求，根據廖內蘇丹和荷蘭之間的條約，天猛公無權代表蘇丹與外國定約。當時新加坡正由柔佛廖內蘇丹阿都拉曼穆阿佔沙統治。當萊佛士得知蘇丹阿都拉曼穆阿佔沙的兄長東姑胡先本該是王位繼承人（由於其父王駕崩時，人正在彭亨訪問而不在身邊，遂被取消資格），萊佛士隨即覲見東姑胡先，並宣佈支持東姑胡先出任蘇丹，聲稱英國只承認東姑胡先為合法的廖內蘇丹，而東姑胡先則於一八一九年二月六日和英國簽署條約，才成功取得新加坡。並與之訂下友好的同盟條約，萊佛士成為新加坡總督，一八二三年一月正式宣告新加坡為自港。並對新加坡的市區建設規劃藍圖，劃分華人區（大坡），馬來人區（小坡）歐洲人和阿拉伯人區（美芝路），使各個族群和睦相處。此外，他也協助制定新加坡的法律，控制煙，豬肉，嚴禁地下賭攤。 In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. He was determined that Great Britain should replace the Netherlands as the dominant power in the archipelago, since the trade route between China and British India, which had become vitally important with the institution of the opium trade with China, passed through the archipelago. The Dutch had been stifling British trade in the region by prohibiting the British from operating in Dutch-controlled ports or by subjecting them to a high tariff. Raffles hoped to challenge the Dutch by establishing a new port along the Straits of Malacca, the main ship passageway for the India-China trade. He needed a third port since the British only had the ports of Penang and Bencoolen. The port had to be strategically located along the main trade route between India and China and in the middle of the Malay Archipelago. He convinced Lord Hastings, the Governor-General of India and his superior at the British East India Company, to fund an expedition to seek a new British base in the region. Raffles arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and soon recognised the island as a natural choice for the new port. It lay at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, near the Straits of Malacca, and possessed a natural deep harbor, fresh water supplies, and timber for repairing ships. It was also located along the main trade route between India and China. Raffles found a small Malay settlement at the mouth of the Singapore River, with an estimated population of about 150 that consisted of around 120 Malays and 30 Chinese. headed by the Temenggong and Tengku Abdu'r Rahman. Around 100 of these Malays had originally moved to Singapore from Johor in 1811 led by the Temenggong. The entire island may have a population of 1,000 including the various tribes and Orang Laut (sea gypsies). The island was nominally ruled by the Sultan of Johor, who was controlled by the Dutch and the Bugis. However, the Sultanate was weakened by factional division and Tengku Abdu'r Rahman and his officials were loyal to Tengku Rahman's elder brother Tengku Long who was living in exile in Riau. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to smuggle Tengku Long back into Singapore. He offered to recognize Tengku Long as the rightful Sultan of Johor, given the title of Sultan Hussein and provide him with a yearly payment of $5000 and $3000 to the Temenggong; in return, Sultan Hussein would grant the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore. A formal treaty was signed on 6 February 1819 and modern Singapore was born. When Raffles arrived, it was estimated that there were around 1,000 people living in the whole of the island of Singapore, mostly local groups that would become assimilated into Malays and a few dozen Chinese. The population increased rapidly soon after Raffles' arrival; the first census of 1824 shows that 6,505 out of the 10,683 total were Malays and Bugis. Large number of Chinese migrants also started to enter Singapore just months after it became a British settlement, by the census of 1826, there were already more Chinese than Malays excluding Bugis and Javanese. Due to continual migration from Malaya, China, India and other parts of Asia, Singapore's population had reached nearly 100,000 by 1871, with over half of them Chinese.]Many early Chinese and Indian immigrants came to Singapore to work in various plantations and tin mines and they were predominantly male, and large number of them would return to their home countries after they had earned enough money. However, an increasingly significant number would choose to stay permanently by the early to mid twentieth century and their descendants would form the bulk of Singapore's population.