Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy,Tyranny /political science/BALLB/UPSC/notes are in description

1. Monarchy 👑
Meaning
Monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is vested in one person, usually a king or queen.
Types of Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy – Monarch has unlimited power
Example: Saudi Arabia
Constitutional Monarchy – Power limited by a constitution
Example: United Kingdom
Features
Rule by one person
Power usually hereditary
Stability and continuity
Quick decision-making
Merits
Strong and stable government
Unity of command
Efficient administration
Demerits
Risk of dictatorship
No public participation
Depends on ability of the ruler
2. Aristocracy 🏛️
Meaning
Aristocracy is a form of government in which power is held by a small group of elite people, usually nobles, wealthy, or educated class.
Features
Rule by the “best” or privileged class
Power based on birth, wealth, or education
Limited participation of people
Merits
Decisions by experienced people
Efficient administration
Less emotional decision-making
Demerits
Class domination
Neglect of common people
Can turn into oligarchy
Example
Ancient Sparta
Roman Senate (early period)
3. Democracy 🗳️
Meaning
Democracy is a form of government in which power lies with the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
Types of Democracy
Direct Democracy – People directly participate
Example: Ancient Athens
Indirect (Representative) Democracy – Elected representatives govern
Example: India
Features
Rule of law
Free and fair elections
Equality before law
Fundamental rights
Merits
People’s participation
Protects freedom and rights
Accountability of government
Demerits
Slow decision-making
Possibility of misuse by majority
Needs educated citizens
4. Tyranny ⚔️
Meaning
Tyranny is a form of government where one ruler exercises power unjustly and cruelly, without law or consent.
Features
Rule by fear and force
No respect for law
Suppression of rights
Arbitrary use of power
Merits
Quick decisions (short-term)
Strong control
Demerits
Oppression of people
No freedom or justice
Leads to rebellion
Example
Dictatorial regimes in history
5. Aristotle’s Classification (Very Important 📌)
Good Forms
Bad Forms
Monarchy
Tyranny
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy (Polity)
Mob Rule