Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31 No. 2 “Tempest” (Analysis)

Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31 No. 2 “Tempest”

This sonata, along with the “Pathétique” (No. 8)and “Moonlight” (No. 14)sonatas, is considered one of Beethoven’s three great piano sonatas. The title “Tempest”was given after Beethoven’s death. According to anecdote, Beethoven reportedly told his student Schindler, “To understand this piece, read Shakespeare’s play The Tempest.” The authenticity of this remark is uncertain, but the title suits the sonata’s dramatic and stormy characterand has been widely accepted ever since.

00:07 I. Largo - Allegro, D minor, 4/4 time, Sonata form
The first movement begins with a sense of urgency and tension, gradually building in intensity until it culminates in a powerful outburst. Within the sonata form, the contrast between Theme 1 and Theme 2, the transformation of motifs in the development, and the interplay of tension and release in the recapitulation maximize the dramatic effect. Repetition, contrasts, and sudden dynamic shifts throughout the movement provide the listener with a strong sense of immersion and emotional impact.

08:38 II. Adagio, B-Flat Major, 3/4 time, Sonata form
The second movement begins with a restored sense of peace, unfolding a beautiful, lyrical melodyreminiscent of a reflective song. The slow, flowing lines and gentle harmonies emphasize calm and serenity, while the development introduces brief moments of tension and contrast before returning to the peaceful, warm atmosphere. This movement serves as a lyrical and restorative interludewithin the sonata, offering the listener emotional respite and depth.

16:03 III. Allegretto, D minor, 3/8 time, Sonata form
The third movement begins with an uplifting and contemplative mood, but soon surges into intense turbulence and tension. Repeated short motifs and rhythmic patterns infuse the movement with vitality and dramatic contrast, while the development and recapitulation sections alternate between tension and release, maximizing the movement’s dramatic effect.

■ (Analysis) Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31 No. 2 “Tempest”
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