History of Plant Breeding | Lecture 1 | Plant Breeding | Foundation Agri Classes| ICAR JRF|ASRB NET

🧬 History of Plant Breeding | Lecture 1 – Plant Breeding Lecture Series

Welcome to Lecture 1 of the Plant Breeding Lecture Series by Foundation Agri Classes.
In this lecture, we explain the History of Plant Breeding in a simple, conceptual, and exam-oriented manner, starting from early domestication to the foundation of modern scientific plant breeding.

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This lecture is delivered by Saurav Raj (M.Sc. Genetics & Plant Breeding) and is specially designed for ICAR JRF, ASRB NET, UGC NET, SRF, IBPS AFO, and Agriculture University exams.
⏱️ TIMESTAMPS (Jump to your topic):
0:00 - Introduction to History of Plant Breeding
0:41 - Early Milestones: First Interspecific Cross (Fairchild's Mule, 1717)
2:14 - Progeny Test: Concept by Louis de Vilmorin (1856)
2:55 - Mendelian Era: Rediscovery of Mendel's Laws (1900) by De Vries, Correns, Tschermak
4:45 - Pure Line Theory & Terms (Genotype/Phenotype) by Johannsen
5:06 - Heterosis & Dominance: Concepts by G.H. Shull, East, and Davenport
8:01 - Breeding Methods: Recurrent Selection (Hayes/Garber) & Mating Systems
9:57 - X-Ray Induced Mutations (Stadler, 1928)
10:19 - N.I. Vavilov: Centers of Origin & Law of Homologous Series
11:12 - U-Triangle of Brassica: Proposed by Nagaharu (1935)
13:57 - Single Seed Descent (SSD) Method
16:01 - Disease Resistance: Gene-for-Gene Hypothesis (H.H. Flor) & Vertical/Horizontal Resistance
17:09 - Green Revolution: Dr. Norman Borlaug & Crop Ideotype (Donald)
17:41 - Biotechnology: First Transgenic Crop & Bt Cotton
19:43 - 🇮🇳 FAMOUS INDIAN PLANT BREEDERS:
19:53 - T.S. Venkatraman (Sugarcane)
20:37 - Dr. B.P. Pal (Wheat & First DG of ICAR)
20:59 - M.S. Swaminathan (Evergreen Revolution)
21:15 - Pushkarnath (Potato)
22:26 - K. Ramiah (Rice)
23:40 - C.T. Patel (Father of Hybrid Cotton)

📝 EXAM KEY NOTES (Quick Revision):
Fairchild's Mule: The first artificial hybrid (Sweet William x Carnation).
Gene-for-Gene Hypothesis: Proposed by H.H. Flor in Flax Rust.
U-Triangle: Explains the genomic relationship between Brassica species.
Dr. B.P. Pal: Famous Wheat breeder and the first Director General of ICAR.
C.T. Patel: Developed 'H-4', the first commercial cotton hybrid in the world (1970).


📘 What You Will Learn in This Lecture
✔ Meaning, definition, and objectives of Plant Breeding
✔ Origin of agriculture and early domestication of crops
✔ Role of natural and artificial selection in crop improvement
✔ Contributions of early farmers and scientists
✔ Centers of Origin and Vavilov’s contribution
✔ Pre-Mendelian era of plant breeding
✔ Transition towards scientific breeding approaches

🎯 This Lecture is Extremely Useful For
• ICAR JRF (Plant Science – Subject Code 03)
• ICAR SRF (Genetics & Plant Breeding)
• ASRB NET / ARS
• UGC NET (Life Sciences & Agriculture)
• IBPS AFO
• B.Sc. & M.Sc. Agriculture students

📌 Why Watch This Lecture?
✅ Concepts explained from basic to advanced level
✅ Exam-oriented explanations with conceptual clarity
✅ Perfect foundation for future breeding methods
✅ Ideal for revision + first-time learners

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