Historical Facts Related to Sohail Gate I Remarkable Fortified Wall & Bastion Towers I Rohtas Fort

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Historical Facts Related to Sohail Gate I Remarkable Fortified Wall & Bastion Towers I Rohtas Fort

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Historical Facts Related to Sohail Gate I Remarkable Fortified Wall & Bastion Towers I Rohtas Fort
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Rohtas Fort ( روہتاس قلعہ) is a 16th-century citadel located near the city of Dina in Jhelum district of the Punjab, Pakistan. Todar Mal, the minister of the Sur king Sher Shah Suri, supervised the construction of the fort which is now one of the largest and most formidable in Punjab.

The fort remains remarkably intact and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. UNESCO called it an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia".

Rohtas Fort covers an area of 70 hectares (170 acres), enclosed by 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) of walls. It has bastion towers and twelve monumental gates that provide access to the inner fort. The fort is an irregularly shaped triangle and follows the contours of its hill. The northwest corner of the fort is walled off from the rest of the structure by a 533-metre-long (1,749 ft) wall. The enclosed section served as a citadel for elites. It could hold up to 30,000 men.

The fort's walls are built in sandstone laid in lime mortar mixed with brick. The height of the outer wall varies between 10 and 18 meters (33 and 59 ft) with a thickness between 10 and 13 meters (33 and 43 ft). The fortified walls have 68 bastion towers at irregular intervals. The ramparts follow the hilltop's contours.

The fort's wall had up to three terraces at different levels, connected by staircases. The uppermost terrace has merlon-shaped battlements from which soldiers could fire muskets and pour molten lead. In addition, the fort has hundreds of machicolations, each beautifully decorated with geometric patterns. These small drains led from the interior to the exterior walls so the soldiers could pour molten lead or other hot liquids on invaders trying to scale the fort's walls.

Rohtas Fort has 12 gates built of grey ashlar stone:

Sohail Gate
Sohail gate features some of the best masonry work of the Sur Empire and was likely the ceremonial main entrance to the fort. Its namesake is the local saint, Sohail Bukhari, interred in the southwestern portion of the gate.

This rectangular gate measures 21.34 metres (70.0 feet) high by 20.73 metres (68.0 feet) wide, and with a depth of 15 metres (49 feet). Its central archway is 4.72 metres (15.5 feet) wide and maintains its shape throughout the depth of the gate. The gateway has ornamental floral motifs with richer decorations on its outer face. There are seven battlements along the outer face of the Sohail gate. A room on the upper floor has windows that open toward the fort's interior. There is also a small window in the middle of the inner arch.

Shah Chandwali Gate
Shah Chandwali is a double gate that links the citadel to the main fort. The outer gate is an entrance from the citadel. It is 13.3 meters (44 ft) wide and 8.23 meters (27.0 ft) deep. The inner gate is a simple archway 3.66 meters (12.0 ft) wide. Its namesake is Shah Chandwali, a saint who refused wages for working on this gate. He died while working on the gate's construction and is buried nearby.

Sar Gate
Sar is a small entrance that seems to have been made by locals knocking down the main wall (outer boundary) as a passage to the adjacent jungle. There is a bastion next to this gate. Because the now dilapidated pond in front of this gate has existed since the fort's beginning, the entrance is called Sar gate (water pond).

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