演義劇場: 劉皇叔北海救孔融 陶恭祖三讓徐州

三國演義之8
劉皇叔北海救孔融 陶恭祖三讓徐州

背景:
曹操之父曹嵩退休後住在家鄉譙縣，直至譙縣成為董卓討伐戰的戰場，曹嵩和曹家其餘人遷居徐州琅邪。193年，曹操在兗州立足，請父親來自己處。但曹家尚未團聚就在徐州和兗州的邊境遭到謀殺。此事的記載有兩種版本：一種是徐州牧陶謙因數敗於曹操，派手下殺死曹嵩；一種是陶謙因害怕曹操，其實是派人去保護曹嵩的，但他的手下卻貪圖曹家的巨額財富將曹家人殺害。無論陶謙是否有責，曹操傾向於他要為父親被害負責。

三國演義 原著特寫:
城上望見紅旗白字，大書「平原劉玄德」，陶謙急令開門。玄德入城，陶謙接著，共到府衙。禮畢，設宴相待，一壁勞軍。陶謙見玄德儀表軒昂，語言豁達，心中大喜，便命糜竺取徐州牌印，讓與玄德。玄德愕然曰：「公何意也？」謙曰：「今天下擾亂，王綱不振，公乃漢室宗親，正宜力扶社稷。老夫年邁無能，情願將徐州相讓。公勿推辭。謙當自寫表文，申奏朝廷。」玄德離席再拜曰：「劉備雖漢朝苗裔，功微德薄，為平原相猶恐不稱職；今為大義，故來相助；公出此言，莫非疑劉備有吞併之心耶？若舉此念，皇天不佑！」謙曰：「此老夫之實情也。」再三相讓，玄德哪裏肯受。糜竺進曰：「今兵臨城下，且當商議退敵之策。待事平之日，再當相讓可也。」玄德曰：「備當遣書於曹操，勸令解和。操若不從，廝殺未遲。」於是傳檄三寨，且按兵不動；遣人齎書以達曹操。
...
卻說陶謙在徐州，時年已六十三歲，忽然染病，看看沈重，請糜竺、陳登議事。竺曰：「曹兵之去，止為呂布襲兗州故也。今因歲荒罷兵，來春又必至矣。府君兩番欲讓位於劉玄德，時府君尚強健，故玄德不肯受；今病已沈重，正可就此面與之，玄德必不辭矣。」

Romance of the Three Kingdoms Part 8
Tao Gongzu made Xuzhou three times

background:
Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, lived in his hometown of Qiao County after his retirement. Until Qiao County became the battlefield of Dong Zhuo's crusade, Cao Song and the rest of the Cao family moved to Langye, Xuzhou. In 193, Cao Cao established himself in Yanzhou and invited his father to come to his place. However, before the Cao family could be reunited, they were murdered on the border of Xuzhou and Yanzhou. There are two versions of this incident: one is that Tao Qian, the shepherd of Xuzhou, was defeated by Cao Cao and sent his men to kill Cao Song; the other is that Tao Qian actually sent people to protect Cao Song because he was afraid of Cao Cao, but his men killed the Cao family because they were greedy for the huge wealth of the Cao family. Regardless of whether Tao Qian was responsible or not, Cao Cao was inclined to believe that he was responsible for his father's murder.