চীনের 'REVENGE' - ২০০ বছর বাদে 'WEST'-র অপমানের জবাব আজ চীন সুদে আসলে ফেরত দিচ্ছে - ভারত কবে শিখবে?

চীনের "প্রতিশোধ "- পশ্চিমের অপমানের জবাব ২০০ বছর বাদে আজ চীন সুদে আসলে ফেরত দিচ্ছে - ভারত কবে শিখবে ?

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1. What Was the Century of Humiliation?

Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60): Britain (and later France) forced China to accept the opium trade, resulting in defeats and treaties like the Treaty of Nanking (1842), where China ceded Hong Kong and opened treaty ports.

Unequal Treaties: Western powers, Russia, and Japan imposed extraterritorial rights, tariffs, and territorial concessions.

Loss of Sovereignty: Foreign concessions in Shanghai, Tianjin, and other cities undermined Chinese control.

Taiping & Boxer Rebellions: Domestic turmoil exploited by foreigners; Boxer Protocol (1901) made China pay massive reparations.

First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95): China lost Taiwan and Korea’s influence to Japan.

World War II (1937–45): Japan invaded and brutally occupied parts of China.

Result: By 1949, China had been reduced from a great empire to a fragmented, semi-colonized nation.

2. How China Interprets It Today

The CCP teaches the Century of Humiliation as a lesson:

Foreign domination is linked to national weakness.

Only a “strong state under Party leadership” can prevent a repeat.

National rejuvenation (中华民族伟大复兴, zhōnghuá mínzú wěidà fùxīng) is framed as “reversing humiliation.”

3. How China Is Reversing It

China’s modern rise is consciously cast as undoing that legacy:

a. Economic Power

Since Deng Xiaoping’s reforms (1978), China’s economy has grown into the second largest in the world, sometimes surpassing the US in PPP terms.

Poverty reduction: over 800 million people lifted out of poverty (World Bank).

Technological advancement: leadership in AI, 5G, quantum research, electric vehicles.

b. Military Strength

Modernization of the PLA (People’s Liberation Army) with aircraft carriers, hypersonic missiles, cyber capabilities.

Focus on deterring foreign intervention, especially in Taiwan or South China Sea.

“Never again” narrative tied to humiliation from foreign invasions.

c. Territorial Integrity

Hong Kong returned in 1997, Macau in 1999.

Assertive policies in Taiwan, South China Sea, and border disputes framed as “restoring sovereignty.”

d. Diplomacy & Soft Power

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Expanding China’s global influence in Asia, Africa, Europe.

UN role: Permanent member of UN Security Council, using veto power strategically.

Hosting major events like Olympics (2008, 2022) as symbols of “return to greatness.”

e. Nationalism & Identity

Patriotic education emphasizes resilience against foreign exploitation.

Xi Jinping’s slogan of “Chinese Dream” directly contrasts humiliation with rejuvenation.

Historical memory is weaponized in domestic propaganda to legitimize the CCP’s rule.

4. Key Indicators of “Reversal”

China went from “carved-up victim” to a global manufacturing hub and tech powerhouse.

Foreign companies and governments now adapt to Chinese rules (opposite of the 19th century).

From being coerced into unequal treaties, China now sets its own (BRI contracts, AIIB, RCEP).

Where foreign powers once dictated terms in Chinese cities, China now projects influence into New York, London, and Silicon Valley via investments.