Indian Planning and Economic Reforms in India \ BPSC ECONOMICS OPTIONAL \ INDIAN ECONOMY

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A. Indian Planning (1951–1991)

Evolution of Indian Planning: Objectives and Strategy of Economic Planning in India

Nehru–Mahalanobis Model and Its Relevance

Sectoral Priorities in Different Five-Year Plans

Growth vs. Equity Debate in Indian Planning

Achievements and Failures of Indian Planning (1951–1991)

Role of Public Sector in Indian Planning

Planning and Regional Disparities in India

Agricultural Development under Plans: Green Revolution and Its Consequences

Industrial Licensing Policy & the “License-Permit-Quota Raj”

Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation Programmes in the Planned Era

B. Economic Reforms (Post-1991 Liberalisation)

Crisis of 1991: Causes and Lessons Learned

Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and Stabilisation Policies

Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) Reforms in India

Impact of Reforms on Agriculture, Industry, and Services

Disinvestment and Privatisation Policy

Fiscal Reforms: FRBM Act, Tax Reforms, and GST

Financial Sector Reforms: Banking, Insurance, Capital Market

Trade Policy Reforms and India’s Integration with WTO

FDI and Its Role in India’s Development

Employment, Poverty, and Inequality in the Reform Period

C. Contemporary Issues and Evaluation

Planning Commission vs. NITI Aayog: Shift from Planning to Policy Think Tank

Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Post-Reforms

Infrastructure Development and Public–Private Partnership (PPP)

Social Sector Reforms: Education, Health, and Rural Development

Challenges of Economic Reforms: Regional Disparity, Agrarian Distress, Informalization of Labour

Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Self-Reliance in the Post-COVID Era

India’s Economic Growth Experience (1991–2025): Successes and Shortcomings

Future of Economic Reforms in India: Balancing Growth with Equity