What is Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Air in Pyro-processing | Basic Kiln Theory |

Kiln Theory: What is Primary Secondary and Tertiary Air in Pyro-processing?

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Causes of Cyclone Jamming are:

1. Incomplete consumption of coal
2. Kiln inlet & upper part of preheater temperature is higher
3. Mismatching of Kiln inlet & Precalciner outlet temperature
4. Increase recirculation of Fine partical at bottom stage cyclone
5. Internal circulation of Volatile ie So₃, Cl, Alkalis in cyclone
6. Insufficient of suction in cyclone due to low RPM of PH Fan
Cyclone causes due to chemistry point of view

What is the reaction affinity in The volatile?
Cl + Alkalis K₂O, Na₂O = KCL , Nacl
2Cl Residual Clorine + Ca = Cacl₂
Alkalis K₂O, Na₂O + S0₃ = K₂So₄, Na₂So₄
Residual Alkalis K₂O, Na₂O + C0₂ = K₂Co₃, Na₂Co₃
Excess S0₃ + Cao = CaSo₄

What are the factor for recirculating behavior of volatile?
1. Melting point of Volatiles
2. Temperature dependence vapor pressure of Volatiles
NaCl Melting point is 801 ˚C, KCl Melting point is 776 ˚C, Na₂So₄ Melting point is 884 ˚C, K₂So₄ Melting point is 1074 ˚C, CaSo₄ Melting point is 1450 ˚C, K₂Co₃ Melting point is 897 ˚C, Na₂Co₃ Melting point is 854 ˚C

What are the remedial measure to avoid cyclone jamming?

1. Maintain So₃ level in Hot meal 6%, Maintain Chloride level in Hot meal 3.5%
2. Both on loss free basic, means ignited basis
3. Monitor & Balance Alkalis Sulphur Ratio between 0.8 to 1.2

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