The Pompeii of Modern Times; Mount Pelee's Infamous Eruption

In only 2 minutes, 28,000 people lie dead and Caribbean's wealthiest city had been annihilated. And yet, this was only the first of two major cities to be destroyed from a volcano whose name would go down in infamy due to its deadly 1902 eruption; Mount Pelee. Today's deep dive video discusses exactly what occurred leading up to, during, and after its deadly 1902 eruption, along with Pelee's ongoing volcanic unrest today. This story includes claims of a lost treasure of gold, and 3 unlikely survivors.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: Alfred Lacroix, Collection A. Michel-Lévy, Public Domain in United States, {{PD-US}}, https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/.... Colorized with hotspot.ai commercial license credits.

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NOTE: I used so many sources & citations in today's long video that I ran out of room to display all sources due to YouTube's 5,000 character limit. As a result, I have only included a partial list of the relevant sources. The rest can be found in this video's pinned comment and during the last 15 seconds of the overall video.

Sources/Citations:
[1] Auker, M.R., Sparks, R.S.J., Siebert, L. et al. A statistical analysis of the global historical volcanic fatalities record. J Appl. Volcanol. 2, 2 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-5040-2-2, CC BY 2.0.
[2] Brown, S.K., Jenkins, S.F., Sparks, R.S.J. et al. Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification. J Appl. Volcanol. 6, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-00..., CC BY 4.0.
This source was used to cite the deadliest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century (including 1902 Mount Pelee), the number of fatalities they caused, and where specifically these fatalities occurred.
[3] DYNAMO
[7] Gueugneau V, Kelfoun K, Charbonnier S, Germa A and Carazzo G (2020) Dynamics and Impacts of the May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current at Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling. Front. Earth Sci. 8:279. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00279, CC BY 4.0. This source was used to draw the pre-eruption outline of the town of Saint Pierre in 1902.
[8] Huebsch, M., Kueppers, U., Carazzo, G. et al. Fragmentation behavior of young pyroclasts from Mt. Pelée, Martinique. Bull Volcanol 85, 62 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01..., CC BY 4.0. This source was used to cite the composition of Pelee's 1902 eruptive products.
[9] INGVvulcani
[15] Mazabraud, Yves. (2019). Historical and Contemporary Use of Natural Stones in the French West Indies. Conservation Aspects and Practices. Sustainability. 11. 4566. 10.3390/su11174566., CC BY 4.0.
[24] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission
[26] YouTube Creative Commons, "Stromboli: flusso piroclastico che entra in mare il 4 luglio 2024", by INGVvulcani (which was also given attribution to DYNAMO & UNO) which was cropped, resized, and had the darkness of its shadows decreased, was overlaid with text, and overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics,    • Stromboli: flusso piroclastico che entra i...  , CC BY 3.0 license.

0:00 Mount Pelee
0:48 Geologic Setting
1:49 Prehistoric Eruptions
6:40 Historical Eruptions
8:34 The Eruption Begins
10:08 Deadly Lahar
16:53 Saint Pierre Destroyed
26:21 Morne Rouge Destroyed
37:00 Modern Unrest