Understanding Computational Problems | Input, Process & Output | 11th Computer | Chapter # 3 | Lec 1

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00:08 Introduction.
02:32 Understanding Computational Problems.
08:02 Characteristics Computational Problems.
13:58 Well Defined Vs. Ill defined Problems.

3.1 Understanding Computational Problems
A computational problem is a challenge that can be solved through a computational process, which involves using an algorithm, i.e., a set of step-by-step instructions that computer can execute.
• Input: The problem starts with an input, which is the data or information given to the algorithm.
• Output: The solution or result produced by the algorithm after processing the input.
• Process: The steps or rules (algorithm) that are applied to the input to generate the output.
3.1.1 Characterizing Computational Problems
To solve a problem computationally, we need to understand its characteristics. This involves identifying the inputs, the desired outputs, and the process needed to transform the inputs into outputs.
3.1.1.1 Classifying Computational Problems
Computational problems can be classified into different categories based on their characteristics and the methods required to solve them. Some common classifications include:
• Decision Problems: Problems where the output is a simple “yes” or “no”.
• Search Problems: Problems where the task is to find a solution or an item that meets certain criteria.
• Optimization Problems: Problems where the goal is to find the best solution according to some criteria.
• Counting Problems: Problems where the objective is to count the number of Ways certain conditions can be met.
3.1.1.2 Well-defined vs. ill-defined Problems
Problems can also be categorized based on how clearly they are defined:
Well-defined Problems: These problems have clear goals, inputs, processes, and outputs. For instance, the problem of determining if a number is even, is a well-defined problem because it has a clear goal(determine if the number is even), clear input (a single integer), a clear process (check if the number is divisible by 2), and clear output (even or odd) as shown in Figure 3.1.
Ill-defined Problems: These problems lack clear definitions or may have ambiguous goals and requirements. For instance, consider a project aimed at “How-to reduce poverty in Pakistan”. This goal is vague and broad.

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Computer Science 11th class
Lecturer of Computer Science
By Sir Shahbaz Ali
For any query or private tutoring contact (0309-0334424)
[email protected]